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Run the Race Before You, part 3 (Hebrews 12:3-4)

We are back in Hebrews 12:1-3

1 Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us, 2 looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God. 3 Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted.

When the author of Hebrews tells his readers to “look to Jesus,” to gaze intently at Jesus, he then began to explain some of the attributes of Jesus, “the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God.” With a few strokes of his pen, the writer provides an account of Jesus’ life, death, resurrection, and ascension. The crowning point, of course, is Jesus’ enthronement at the right hand of God. (William Hendriksen & Simon J. Kistemaker, NT Commentary: Hebrews, 369)

First, he is described as the “founder and perfecter of our faith.” This describes his life. He is the pacesetter, the pioneer of our faith. Jesus set the example of living by faith for us every day of His life, until the very end. While the New Testament authors never used the word “trust” to describe Jesus’ relationship with His Father, it is clear that Jesus did live in total dependence upon His Father, in the power of the Holy Spirit and submitted His will to the Father’s will as an expression of trusting obedience.

Herman Witsius (1636–1708) once noted that if we only stress the fact that Christ died on the cross for us, then we make too little of His sufferings for us (Herman Witsius, The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man, ed. Joel R Beeke, trans. William Crookshank (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Reformation Heritage, 2010), 1:210). Christ suffered and obeyed for us throughout His life for us because sin brings miseries to us in this life as well as in the next. Christ obeyed the law for us where we disobeyed it, and He suffered the penalty for our lawbreaking.

He is also the “founder…of our faith,” which means that our faith comes from Him. He gives faith as a gift (Eph. 2:8-9; Philippians 1:29). Faith doesn’t come from us; we don’t summon it up out of the depths of our heart, but receive it as a gift of an all-gracious God.

He is also the “perfecter of our faith in the sense that He finished His course of living by faith successfully (cf. 2:13). He did it perfectly. It was his absolute faith in God that enabled him to go through the mocking, crucifixion, rejection, and desertion—and left him perfect in faith. As F. F. Bruce has said, “Had he come down by some gesture of supernatural power, He would never have been hailed as the ‘perfecter of faith’ nor would He have left any practical example for others to follow” (Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews, p. 352).

We encountered this word in Hebrews 1:10, which states that God perfected the author (or captain) of our salvation through His sufferings. It is also used in Acts 3:15 when Peter preached “you killed the Author of life” and in Acts 5:31 where he said about Jesus “God exalted him at his right hand as Leader and Savior…” Again, the idea is that He leads the way.

Again, as the “perfector of our faith” this reminds us that He guarantees that we will persevere in the faith. That “good work” that He began in us He will bring to completion (Philippians 1:6).

This is what we see in Hebrews 13:21, where the author gives this benediction: May God “equip you with everything good that you may do his will, working in us that which is pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever and ever.”

One may say that Jesus is with us at the starting line and the finish line and all along the way of the race that He sets before us. He makes sure that we finish.

One of the things our author wants us to focus on with regard to Jesus is the attitude which dominated His running of His own race. He did it “for the joy that was set before Him.” The reason that Jesus could endure the horrible prospect of bearing our sin was that He focused on the joy set before Him. That end-goal brought him joy that gave him strength to endure. Remember, “the joy of the Lord is your strength” (Neh. 8:10).

Jesus did not regard the cross itself as a joy, just as we don’t consider the trials and difficulties themselves to be joy-filled; rather, Jesus looked past the horror and humiliation of the cross to enjoy what good things it would accomplish beyond it.

James tells his audience to “count it all joy…when you meet trails of various kinds.” Why? Because they know something. “You know that the testing of your faith produces steadfastness” and that ultimately results in maturity (James 1:2-4). We don’t rejoice in the trials themselves, but in the maturity that they produce if we persevere in faith.

Jesus did suffer excruciating pain and being forsaken by His Father. THAT was nothing to rejoice in. John Henry Newman explains:

“And as men are superior to animals, and are affected by pain more than they, by reason of the mind within them, which gives a substance to pain . . . so, in like manner, our Lord felt pain of the body, with a consciousness, and therefore with a keenness and intensity, and with a unity of perception, which none of us can possibly fathom or compass, because His soul was so absolutely in His power, so simply free from the influence of distractions, so fully directed upon the pain, so utterly surrendered, so simply subjected to the suffering. And thus He may truly be said to have suffered the whole of His passion in every moment of it” (John Henry Cardinal Newman, The Kingdom Within (Discourses Addressed to Mixed Congregations) (Denville, NJ: Dimension Books, 1984), pp. 328, 329).

He did endure the cross, with all its shame and degradation, experiencing mind-numbing physical pain as well as the shock of having His Father turn His back on Him. That was nothing to rejoice in.

Jesus ran this painful race of love because of joy.

So what did Jesus rejoice in? Jesus rejoiced in the fact that all this pain would result in “bringing many sons to glory” (Hebrews 2:10). He did it for the joy of gaining a bride. He did it all so that we could enjoy forever worshipping Him. But the greatest joy was that of glorifying the Father by completing the work that the Father gave Him to do (John 17).

When Jesus returned to heaven, triumphant over Satan, sin, death, and hell, the angels rejoiced. Remember that all heaven erupts in joyful celebration when even one sinner repents. Then, the marriage supper of the Lamb will be a time for us to “rejoice and be glad and give the glory to Him” (Rev. 19:7). Keeping that glorious joy in view enabled Jesus to endure the agony of the cross.

Those who have been faithful to Jesus Christ will be able to “enter into the joy of your master” (Matthew 25:21, 23) and David tells us “in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore” (Psalm 16:11).

That joy enabled him to “endure the cross” and “despise the shame.” One of the most prominent elements of the cross was the shame and humiliation that every crucified person had to endure. Crucifixion, performed naked and in public, and inflicting prolonged pain on the victim, was intended to cause shame as well as death (cf. 6:6; see note on Matt. 27:35).

Also His exaltation, with all that it means for his people’s shalom and for the triumph of God’s purpose in the universe, was “the joy that was set before him.”

Throughout Jesus life he ran for joy. But he also came to die on the cross, to satisfy God’s wrath against our sins. All of this is called His humiliation—not only dying on the cross, but giving up the glories of heaven to come and live among us, living a life of perfect obedience as the “founder and perfecter of our faith.”

We cringe and run from shame and humiliation, but Jesus “despised the shame.” Shame is how we normally respond to the knowledge that we have broken God’s laws and done something morally wrong. Jesus took our shame, but He didn’t do anything to be ashamed of. If one “scorns” a thing, one normally has nothing to do with it; but “scorning its shame” means rather that Jesus thought so little of the pain and shame involved that he did not bother to avoid it. He endured it. (Frank E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary–Volume 12, 134)

This is the only occurrence of the word “cross” outside the Gospels and the Pauline Epistles, and its presence here stresses the shame associated with Jesus’ crucifixion.

Jesus ran for joy and triumph. That triumph is seen in him now “seated at the right hand of the throne of God.” That joy is having accomplished for the Father’s glory all that He was sent to do. As John MacArthur notes: “Joy and triumph. One is subjective; one is objective. One is that great exhilarating feeling that you have won; and the other is the actual reward of God that is given to you for your triumph. An athlete knows that there is nothing equal to the thrill of winning. And it’s something inside. And it isn’t the medal, or the trophy, or whatever else. It’s just the winning, the exhilaration of victory (https://www.gty.org/library/sermons-library/1254/running-the-race-that-is-set-before-us, accessed 6/26/24).

The same will be true for us. The joy will be to do our best to win the race and to enjoy the rewards promised to overcomers.

And that’s what he’s saying. There is the joy of victory, as well as the reward of God. And in this case of Christ, the reward was he was seated at the right hand, something that has been emphasized from chapter 1 (Heb. 1:3; 8:1; 10:12; also Acts 7:55-56; Rom. 8:34; Eph. 1:20; 1 Pet. 3:22 and Rev. 3:21).

God’s right hand is the place of “highest favor with God the Father” (WLC, Q&A 54), and the phrase is used throughout Scripture to indicate His power and sovereignty (Exod. 15:6; Isa. 48:13).

This is the ancient prophecy from Psalm 110, quoted by Jesus in Matthew 22:44 to prove that He was the rightful Messianic heir of David’s line: “The Lord said to my Lord, ‘Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet’”?

Our blessed and glorious Lord lived his earthly life in faith’s dynamic certitude. “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for [future certitude], the conviction of things not seen [visual certitude].” It looks with spiritual eyes of faith and sees what is invisible and not yet, as if it already is.

Now on this matter of focus, understand this: even though the great gallery of past saints witnesses to us, our central focus must be Jesus— sola Jesu! Focus on him as the “founder” and originator of faith. Focus on him as the divine human “perfecter” of faith. Focus on the joy that enabled him to endure the excruciating agony of the cross and consider as nothing the shame. Focus on his joyous exaltation—and the fact that you are part of that joy.

In capping his famous challenge to finish well, the writer gives the idea of focusing on Jesus a dynamic twist by concluding: “Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted” (v. 3). Meditating on Jesus and all He suffered encourages us to continue to run our race and obey God’s will faithfully.

It is natural for us to overestimate the severity of our trials, and the writer did not want us to do this. We quickly “grow weary and fainthearted” partially because we don’t really believe that “through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of God” (Acts 14:22). Also, we “grow weary and fainthearted” because we rely on our own strength and steadfastness instead of relying upon the Holy Spirit.

The phrase “grow weary or fainthearted” was sports lingo in the ancient world for a runner’s exhausted collapse. Thus, the way for the Christian runner to avoid such a spiritual collapse was to “consider him,” which is a word which has the idea of a studied focus, like keeping our eyes steadily focused on Jesus in verse 2. But here we are to do more than merely focus on Him, we must deeply study Him. We need to be totally absorbed with Jesus mentally, not distracted, but consciously and consistently focused upon him. We need to read and re-read the Gospels, to become so well familiar with Jesus that we begin to imitate Him.

I’ve talked about Charles Blondin before, the French tightrope walker in the late 1800’s. In 1859 He was the first man to walk across Niagara Falls on a tightrope. Thousands of people came out to see him, and dozens fainted at the sight. He would go across blindfolded, on stilts, on a bicycle, in a sack. Once he pushed an empty wheelbarrow across once to the applause of the crowd. He asked, “How many of you think I can push a man in this wheelbarrow across.” Hands shot up in the crowd. But then he asked, “How many of you are willing to get in the wheelbarrow and let me push you?” All the hands went down. They didn’t have enough real faith in Blondin to trust him to carry them across. Later, his assistant rode across on his back. He was the only one who placed his faith in Blondin. Over the years, Blondin crossed Niagara Falls over 300 times. He walked across backwards and forwards.

He was once asked the secret to his amazing stability. He pointed to a large silver star he had painted on each side of the river. He said, “Whatever I do, I never take my eyes off the star. I never look at the water or the rope. Staring at that star is the secret to my stability.”

Jesus is our bright and morning star, and as long as you keep your eyes fixed on Jesus you can find the stability to finish the race. Staying focused on Jesus is the key to victory.

We need to consider Jesus because although the “cloud of witnesses” can inspire us, He only can empower us. We can do all things “through Him who strengthens us” (Phil. 4:13).

In verse 3 our writer is getting into the subject of suffering and divine discipline. In verse 3 he mentions that Jesus “endured from sinners such hostility against himself.” If Jesus could not be perfected except through suffering, then how much more we.

It is obvious that some of the believers this author was writing to were experiencing some of the same persecution and our author is concerned that these men and women would turn away from Christ to relieve the pressures and pains of suffering and persecution. But in doing so they would be surrendering what is most precious to their souls!

In Hebrews 6 and 10 we met a category of people who were once affiliated with the believers in the early churches. You can call them dropouts, or deserters. They may seem to be believers, but they are the make-believers. The mark of a true believer is that you won’t give up on the race. You may grow tired and want to quit but then you consider Jesus; you keep your eyes on Jesus and then you keep on running.

It doesn’t matter if you’ve “hit the wall,” you keep on running. You see Jesus at the finish line and endure every hardship to cross that finish line to Him.

The reason that this is told to us is twofold: First it is that we might not grow weary. Suffering can wear you down. More than merely a physical weariness, it brings with it a weariness of the soul. Secondly, this is given to us that we might not lose heart. The readers of this epistle were being tempted to quit. They had been following Christ for some time now and it was getting more difficult. They needed some encouragement.

Perhaps it is shocking to us, when reading Hebrews 12:3-4, how tough biblical Christianity is. Yet even more shocking perhaps is how soft and untested many Christians are who have not faced persecution. The writer points his readers squarely to Jesus: “Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted” (v. 3). We are to draw courage from Jesus’ steadfast example of honoring God no matter the cost. And we too must be willing to pay the ultimate price: “In your struggle against sin you have not yet resisted to the point of shedding your blood” (v. 4).

Here the “author goes from one sport to the other; from the imagery of the race to that of boxing. In boxing, blood flows from the faces of the contestants when they withstand vicious blows. At times serious injuries result in death. (William Hendriksen & Simon J. Kistemaker, NT Commentary: Hebrews, 372). Basically the writer is saying, “Has anyone driven nails through your hands and feet and nailed you to a cross yet?” The author is warning them that this is just around the corner. He is warning them that worse sufferings are in store.

In the early church believers experienced severe persecutions. One Bible scholar describes some of the persecutions as follows:

Some, suffering the punishment of parricides, were shut up in a sack with snakes and thrown into the sea; others were tied to huge stones and cast into a river. For Christians the cross itself was not deemed sufficient agony; hanging on the tree, they were beaten with rods until their bowels gushed out, while vinegar and salt were rubbed into their wounds…Christians were tied to catapults, and so wrenched from limb to limb. Some…were thrown to the beasts; others were tied to their horns. Women were stripped, enclosed in nets, and exposed to the attacks of furious bulls. Many were made to lie on sharp shells, and tortured with scrapers, claws, and pincers, before being delivered to the mercy of the flames. Not a few were broken on the wheel, or torn in pieces by wild horses. Of some the feet were slowly burned away, cold water being dowsed over them the while lest the victims should expire too rapidly…Down the backs of others melted lead, hissing and bubbling, was poured; while a few ‘by the clemency of the emperor’ escaped with the searing out of their eyes, or the tearing off of their legs. (Herbert B. Workman, Persecution in the Early Church, 1906, p. 299-300)

“It’s about time they realized the Christian life is not for sissies, but people who show themselves worthy of those who made their faith possible. To sting them into this realization, the writer employs a phrase used by the Maccabean leaders. When fighting against the enemies of the Jewish faith, those leaders challenged their followers to go out there and “resist unto death” the foes of Israel. The readers knew that phrase. In the light of it, they would feel the shame of their faintheartedness.” (C.S. Lovett, Lovett’s Lights on Hebrews, 297)

But because Jesus endured the very worst form of pain and shame and humiliation, we can too. There is a Sandi Patti song entitled “The Day He Wore My Crown.” It’s a song about how Jesus endured to suffer in our place. Part of the lyrics say: “He could have called His Holy Father, and said, “Take me away. Please take me away.” He could have said, “I’m not guilty. And I’m not gonna’ stay and I’m not gonna pay.” But he walked right through the gate; and then on up the hill. And as He fell beneath the weight, He cried, ‘Father, not my will.’ And I’m the one to blame. I caused all his pain. He gave Himself, the day He wore my crown.”

So take heart; stay in the race, keep putting one foot in front of another. Jesus did it and you can too. In fact, the truth of the Gospel is that He now lives in you, giving you the very power He had to help you run the race to win it.

Run the Race Before You, part 2 (Hebrews 12:1-3)

We noticed last week that the Christian life is presented here in Hebrews 12 as a race. It is not a stroll in the park. The objective, no matter how hard or how long, is to reach the finish line. We see that in Hebrews 12:1-3.

How do we run this race?

First, we remember that others have successfully run this race before us. While these people were by no means perfect, they were commended by God for their faith. While some of them experienced some terrible things in this life, they were still commended by God for their faith. Thus, our author is encouraging these people to hang on to their faith in Jesus Christ. If they do so, they will win a better reward.

Second, we should divest ourselves of those sins that so easily ensnare us. Each of us is susceptible to some sin that easily entangles us and often brings us down. No athlete runs in a trench coat or leaves weights on their ankles. They strip down so that they can run freely and quickly. So we too must let go of those sins that we have become so friendly with, that we coddle.

But that’s not all. Our divestment must go even further as we “lay aside every weight”—literally, “the weight that hinders.” So, not only are we to lay aside and leave behind our sins, but also these weights that slow us down. Obviously, these are two different categories, but both equally debilitating as far as successfully running our race.

A hindrance is something, otherwise good, that weighs you down spiritually. It could be a friendship, an association, an event, a place, a habit, a pleasure, an entertainment, an honor. But if this otherwise good thing drags you down, you must strip it away.

The word “weight” comes from the Greek word ogkos, which describes something heavy and cumbersome that can impede a runner. In the athletic world, ogkos was used to describe when an athlete intentionally removed excess weight before a competition.

Picture a runner in our present context who is hindered by anything from sweatpants to hoodies to jewelry to bulky shoes. Allen notes, “In the first century AD, runners ran in the stadium virtually naked. They would enter wearing long flowing, colorful robes. At the start of the race, these would be discarded” (Allen, Hebrews, p. 573).

The athlete of the ancient world didn’t become “unweighted” by accident. He dropped all excess weight on purpose. He dieted; he exercised; and he shed every other unnecessary weight he could find to shed. This stripping process demanded his attention, his decision, and his devotion. It wasn’t going to happen by accident, so he had to initiate the process of removal.

Again, just like the sins, those weights may differ from one person to another, but each of us is responsible to identify anything that might be slowing us down and to get rid of it. These can be bad habits or bad attitudes. If the Holy Spirit is urging you to take a good look at your life and then remove everything that weighs you down and keeps you from a life of obedience. Then be honest with yourself and with God. If there is something, anything, in your life that your conscience keeps telling you to forsake, then get rid of it. This reminds me of Paul’s words in Phillipians 1:9-10. “It is my prayer that your love may abound more and more, with knowledge and all discernment, so that you may approve what is excellent…” God doesn’t just want us to settle for doing what is good; He wants what is excellent in our lives. John Piper describes it as “getting things out of your life that make you more worldly-minded and putting things in your life that make you more heavenly-minded.”

Tim Challies identifies three weights that we need to jettison from our lives. The first one is the weight of mustering up the strength from ourselves instead of relying upon the power of the Holy Spirit. We cannot run the race in our own strength. We must rely upon God’s strength. The second weight we need to get rid of is running ourselves ragged. We need to learn to pace ourselves. Even spiritual disciplines, when we try to do all of them, are too much for us to handle. The third weight he identifies is running alone. Most of us know that we are more faithful to exercise when we have a partner. The same is true in the Christian life. We are more likely to stay in the race if we have others running with us. That’s why Charles Spurgeon reminds us: “He stands with us at the starting-point, and earnestly says to us, not ‘Run,’ but, ‘Let us run.’ The apostle himself is at our side as a runner.”

That is why you need a good church, a place for you to learn and grow in the fellowship of other believers who will get to know you, pray for you, support you, even rebuke you when necessary. Sometimes it is those very friends who will identify those habits or attitudes that, although not exactly sinful, are keeping you from running the race so that you can win.

Having “laid aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely,” now our author tells us “and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us.” This race is “set before us.” We don’t just run off in any direction we choose. In Psalm 139:16b David expresses his awe that “in your book were written, every one of them, the days that were formed for me, when as yet there was none of them.” God, in eternity past, chose us to be conformed to His Son (Romans 8:28-30) and determined the good works that we would do this very day (Eph. 2:10).

It is the Word of God that sets out that path for us. We don’t have to guess at what God’s will for our lives might be. He tells us. He lays out the moral parameters, our “lane” in which we are to run through the 10 Commandments and the commands of Christ in the New Testament.

We are disqualified if we run outside our lane or take shortcuts.

Do you remember the name of Rosie Ruiz? Rosie was a Cuban-American who was declared the winner in the female category for the 84^th Boston Marathon in 1980. People were stunned by her victory, as her recorded time was the fastest ever run by a woman in Boston Marathon history. But eight days later she was stripped of her title when it was discovered that early in the race she had dropped out, hopped on a subway, only to re-emerge about a mile from the finish line where she joined the other runners and staged her stagger across the finish line in dramatic fashion.

What Rosie did makes for a good laugh, but there are no short-cuts in the marathon of the Christian life. The progressive transformation of our character into the image of Jesus himself calls for a sustained, life-long commitment.

Within those parameters each runner’s course will be unique. I may not be able to run your course, and you may find mine impossible, but I can finish my race and you can complete yours.

We don’t know where it will lead, how long it will go, whether it will be uphill or downhill, smooth or rocky, wet or dry. But faith is trusting God during the uncharted course, knowing that He has set before us the path that will best contribute to our growth toward spiritual maturity.

What we know is that we can both finish well if we follow the spiritual athlete’s guide to winning in life as recorded here in Hebrews 12:1-3.

Another factor in winning our race in life is that we must “run with endurance.” We can’t quit in the middle of the race when we are out of breathe and our side is splitting, or fail to finish the race like I did.

No race is easy. The sprints take everything you’ve got, your utmost effort. Long distance races take stamina and strategy. For the life of me I never could figure out why the quarter mile was a sprint! Every runner will get tired, will cramp up, will want to quit, but we won’t win if we don’t endure.

“Endurance” translates the ancient Greek word hupomone, “which does not mean the patience which sits down and accepts things but the patience which masters them…It is that determination, unhasting and unresting, unhurrying and yet undelaying, which goes steadily on, and which refuses to be deflected. Obstacles will not daunt it; delays will not depress it; discouragements will not take its hope away. It will halt neither for discouragement from within nor for opposition from without (William Barclay, The Letter to the Hebrews (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1957), p. 19).

Fast or slow, strong or weak, we must all keep putting one foot in front of the other for as long as it takes.

In Acts 20:24 Paul pictured himself as a runner who had a race to finish, and nothing would keep Paul from finishing the race with joy. In that passage, Paul spoke of “my race” – he had his race to run, we have our own – but God calls us to finish it with joy, and that only happens when we run with endurance so that we can finish our race.

We can experience the same satisfaction the Apostle Paul did as he neared the finish line:

I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. Henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, will award to me on that Day, and not only to me but also to all who have loved his appearing. (2 Timothy 4:7, 8)

Paul finished his race, and so can we!

So far, the writer of Hebrews has told us to remember the encouragement of those who have finished the race ahead of us, that “cloud of witnesses,” so that we can know that we can do it, then to lay aside anything that would slow us down, whether sins or even good things that keep us from running our race. He also reminds us to keep at it and not give up, to “run with endurance.”

But that’s not all. His major encouragement is found in verse 2.

looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God.

Even more than looking at the examples of the “cloud of witnesses,” our eyes need to stay fixed on Jesus. I believe that by referring to Him by His name Jesus, our author is calling us to consider His humanity and how, despite all the opposition of Satan and the disappointments with His people and His disciples, Jesus actually ran a perfect race and won the race for us.

The author is telling us to “keep focused” on Jesus, to take our eyes off the circumstances and off the people around us and to keep our eyes trained on Jesus. The word carries the idea of riveting one’s attention; fixing one’s focus; staring intently without allowing the slightest distraction. Charles Spurgeon says, “The Greek word for ‘looking’ is a much fuller word than we can find in the English language. It has a preposition in it which turns the look away from everything else. You are to look from all beside to Jesus. Fix not thy gaze upon the cloud of witnesses; they will hinder thee if they take away thine eye from Jesus. Look not on the weights and the besetting sin-these thou hast laid aside; look away from them. Do not even look upon the race-course, or the competitors, but look to Jesus and so start in the race.”

It is so important for runners in a race to keep their eyes straight ahead.

On August 7, 1954 during the British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, B.C., England’s Roger Bannister and Australian John Landy met for the first time in the one mile run at the newly constructed Empire Stadium.

Both men had broken the four minute barrier previously that year. Bannister was the first to break the mark with a time of 3:59.4 on May 6th in Oxford, England. Subsequently, on June 21st in Turku, Finland, John Landy became the new record holder with an official time of 3:58.

The world watched eagerly as both men approached the starting blocks. As 35,000 enthusiastic fans looked on, no one knew what would take place on that historic day.

Promoted as “The Mile of the Century,” it would later be known as the “Miracle Mile.”

With only 90 yards to go in one of the world’s most memorable races, John Landy glanced over his left shoulder to check his opponent’s position. At that instant Bannister streaked by him to victory in a Commonwealth record time of 3:58 (https://www.miraclemile1954.com/, accessed 6/26, 24)

Just like a runner must keep looking toward his or her goal, so we should keep “looking only at Jesus.” When we take our eyes of faith off Jesus, we begin to sink spiritually, like Peter did literally (Matt. 14:22-33).

Sometimes our biggest hindrance comes from looking at ourselves, our own failures and weaknesses, our inability to overcome temptations. This is why Robert Murray McCheyne so wisely said, “Learn much of the Lord Jesus. For every look at yourself, take ten looks at Christ. He is altogether lovely. Such infinite majesty, and yet such meekness and grace, and all for sinners, even the chief! Live much in the smiles of God. Bask in His beams. Feel His all-seeing. Eye settled on you in love, and repose in His almighty arms.”

While a hospice chaplain I would read Scripture, sing hymns and pray for our patients. I began to notice as I sang through our church hymnbook that there are at least six hymns that speak of the smiling face of Jesus. Let the smiling face of Jesus encourage you daily in your race.

This is not to say that introspection has no place in the Christian pursuit of holiness. But we must be careful not to wallow in self-pity or self-condemnation. After looking at self and confessing our sins, we must then take our eyes off ourselves and focus on Jesus.

A. W. Tozer, in his book The Pursuit of God, counsels, “The man who has struggled to purify himself and has had nothing but repeated failures will experience real relief when he stops tinkering with his soul and looks away to the perfect One.”

Paul reminds us of the value of keeping focused on Jesus and the transforming power it has in 2 Corinthians 3:18.

And we all, who with unveiled faces contemplate the Lord’s glory, are being transformed into his image with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.

Nor are we to focus upon others. What a temptation it is for us to compare ourselves to others, either believing we are better than them, or don’t measure up to their level of spirituality. We are either proud or depressed. Jesus encourages us with this: Peter says in John 21, “Well, Lord, what about John?” And what did Jesus say to him? “None of your business. You follow Me.” Remember John Landy?

I love the funny joke about two old boys, Bubba and Willy, who were out in the woods hunting squirrels. Suddenly they came up on a big old mean bear. They both shot their squirrel guns at the bear. All that did was make him mad. So the bear started chasing Bubba and Willy. They were running side-by-side as fast as they could to get away from the bear that was right behind them. While Bubba was running for his life, he started kicking of his hunting boots so he could run a little faster. Willy looked over and said, “Bubba, why are you doing that? You know you can’t outrun that bear. Old Bubba said, “I don’t have to outrun that bear. I just have to outrun you!”

Well, we’re not running to compete with anybody else. Don’t look at the other runners. Keep your eyes fixed on Jesus.

We are transformed by gazing at Jesus. As you read the Gospels, slow down and look deeply at Jesus Christ. Jonathan Edwards remarked beautifully concerning this that we are to “take notice of Christ’s excellence which is a . . . feast” (John H. Gerstner, The Rational Biblical Theology of Jonathan Edwards , vol. 1 (Powhatan, VA: Berea Publications, 1991), p. 418

The human Jesus has known our experiences of trial and fierce adversity. When we feel that we cannot summon another ounce of energy for “the race that is set before us,” we must think of the race that was set before him. He endured, though his course was incomparably more difficult than ours. Jesus triumphed and, in his strength, so can we (Raymond Brown, The Bible Speaks Today: Hebrews, 228).

Run the Race Before You, part 1 (Hebrews 12:1-3)

What is your perception of the Christian life? Many people think that becoming a Christian means that their lives will be better in every way and if not every day, almost every day. Unfortunately that is sometimes communicated in the gospel presentation. “God loves you and has a wonderful plan for your life” if not placed in a larger context can miscommunicate the reality that the Christian life is a battle, a marathon, something that requires dedication and hard work. Jesus presented it as denying ourselves and taking up our crosses.

This doesn’t mean that it is “all work and no play,” but unfortunately too many Christians have understood the Christian life to consist of a decision to trust Christ followed by a life that then focuses on ourselves and our own desires.

Our author in Hebrews has been showing us that the life that pleases God is a life of faith, a faith that believes God’s promises and therefore obeys His commands. Sometimes that does lead to miraculous deliverances, at other times suffering and death. Our author marches out example after example of faithful men and women in order to motivate his readers (and us today) that we, too, can maintain a bold and determined faith. In particular, our author did not want his readers to abandon faith in Jesus Christ.

Jesus Christ has been a primary theme in the first ten chapters, constantly showing how Christ was better than the prophets, the angels and the Aaronic priesthood. He provides a better sacrifice and enacts a better covenant. And although Jesus was not mentioned in Hebrews 11, our author gets back to Jesus in Hebrews 12. He is the greatest example of someone who not only possessed enduring faith, but possessed it to the utmost extreme.

Verses 1-3 in Hebrews 12 say…

“Look to Jesus,” “consider Him,” this is the primary focus of our Christian race. One of the key metaphors of the Christian life is that it is a race. The Bible uses the image of a race to describe the Christian life in several places, including Hebrews 12:1, 1 Timothy 6:12, 2 Timothy 2:5; 4:7–8, 1 Corinthians 9:24–27, and Philippians 3:13–14.

From these verses we know that we must “compete according to the rules,” exercise self-control and discipline, keep our eyes focused on the finish line, and run for heavenly rewards. Unlike normal races, we are not racing against other Christians and this race lasts for a lifetime. We cannot just meander or coast or go with the flow, but must run with focused determination toward the goal of Christ-likeness.

Race is the Greek agon, from which we get agony. A race is not a thing of passive luxury, but is demanding, sometimes grueling and agonizing, and requires our utmost in self-discipline, determination, and perseverance. (John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur New Testament Commentary–Hebrews, 372-3)

Sometimes the metaphor chosen to illustrate the Christian life is “walk,” but here it is the agonizing “run.” We only “run” when we are very anxious to get to a certain place, when there is some attraction stimulating us. That word “run” then presupposes the heart eagerly set upon the goal (Arthur W. Pink, An Exposition of Hebrews, 895). “It is the writer’s hope that the joy set before us is so attractive, we will give no thought to the pain or shame that goes with standing firm for Christ all the way to the end” (C.S. Lovett, Lovett’s Lights on Hebrews, 295).

Hopefully when we come to the end of our lives we will be able to say with Paul: “I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith” (2 Timothy 4:7). As John Piper says, “Paul knows nothing of coasting Christianity. Paul simply does not recognize a Christianity that is not running a race and fighting a fight.” Or, as A. W. Tozer so presciently warns, “complacency is a deadly foe of all spiritual growth.”

“The Christian is not called to lie down on flowery beds of ease, but to run a race, and athletics are strenuous, demanding self-sacrifice, hard training, the putting forth of every ounce of energy possessed. I am afraid that in this work-hating and pleasure-loving age, we do not keep this aspect of the truth sufficiently before us: we take things too placidly and lazily. The charge which God brought against Israel of old applies very largely to Christendom today: ‘Woe to them that are at ease in Zion’ (Amos 6:1): to be ‘at ease’ is the very opposite of ‘running the race’” (Arthur W. Pink, An Exposition of Hebrews, 894-5).

The situation seems to be that the Hebrew Christians had gotten tired. A lot of time had passed since they were first fired-up for Jesus. Now they want to relax and coast and they were in danger of losing the race. Hebrews 10:32–33 says, “Recall the former days when, after you were enlightened, you endured a hard struggle…and you had compassion on the prisoners…” In 5:12 it says, “Though by this time you ought to be teachers, you need some one to teach you again.” They have begun to coast and, as 2:3 says, “neglect so great a salvation.” The situation is very serious and the writer suggests that some are showing that their faith is phony and they have “tasted the powers of the age to come” in vain (6:5).

Sam Storms says:

“Some of you may wish it were otherwise; you may prefer that the Christian life be compared to a vacation at the beach or a gentle walk through grassy meadows or a holiday on a cruise ship or perhaps even a lazy, late-afternoon nap on the back porch. But no one in the NT, not the apostle Paul and certainly not the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews, ever speaks in such terms.”

Chuck Swindoll writes:

The book of Hebrews was written to men and women in the thick of the battle against the flesh, the world, and the devil. Most of them were trembling in their boots. Others had retreated to the trenches. Many were tempted to turn tail and run. Already the author has warned his audience of the cost of defection in the midst of the battle. Now he continues to urge them toward a life of enduring hope that responds positively to God’s hand of loving discipline with maturity. He wants them to lean on Christ, who is superior for pressing on in the faith. He doesn’t want them to be “flash in the pan” Christians (Charles R. Swindoll, Hebrews, Swindoll’s Living Insights New Testament Commentary (Tyndale House Publishers, 2017), 192).

Jesus talked about these “flash in the pan” people in the parable of the soils. Jesus explains that the seed that fell upon the rock was a situation in which “when they hear the word, receive it with joy. But these have no root; they believe for a while, and in time of testing fall away” (Luke 8:13).

Hebrews 12:1 is like the gun that indicates that runners are at the last lap. Don’t stop now, he says. I can remember my first track meet as a sophomore in high school. At that time Mena High School did not have a track. We practiced by running around the football field and the practice field. One of the events I ran in was the 440, now called the 400 meters.

I was doing quite well, in the lead as we came around the last curve. Now, I’m sure I had seen plenty of Olympic races where the runners run through the tape to win, but having never run on a track I saw a line on the track and thinking that it was the finish line I slowed down, only to have three runners pass me to the finish line less than 10 yards away. I stopped short of the finish line.

This author does not want his readers to stop short of the finish line, but to remain faithful to Jesus Christ to the very end.

So how do we run to win?

The first thing our writer calls us to do is to remember that “we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses…” Our author is not saying that these are people who are watching and witnessing what we do, but rather they have lived exemplary lives and we need to receive their witness. We need to follow their example.

“Perhaps we should think of something like a relay race where those who have finished their course and handed [off] their baton are watching and encouraging their successors” (Frank E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary–Volume 12, 133).

“They testify that it pays to trust the Lord and remain faithful to Him no matter how rough the going gets. It is their part to assure us that the race can be won” (C.S. Lovett, Lovett’s Lights on Hebrews, 288-9), but not necessarily easily won.

He wants them to remember that others have successfully run this race in the past and that God considers those who finished the race winners. All those Hall of Famers in Hebrews 11 are saying, “I did it, and so can you. You can do it. Hang in there. Finish the race.” We need that kind of encouragement, to know that others have blazed the trail for us, finishing the race and being richly rewarded for it.

This “great cloud” of witnesses would include more than just the 18 mentioned in chapter 11. We have even more examples today of people who valued Jesus Christ and did not deny Him even when it cost them their lives.

These men and women are in the crowd encouraging us on because they successfully finished the race. As John Piper reminds us: “We look and we see examples of faith and perseverance under every imaginable circumstance: there’s David who committed adultery and murder, and he finished; there’s John the Baptist who had a weird personality, and he finished; there’s John Mark the quitter, and he finished; and Mary the prostitute, and she finished; and William Carey, plodder, and he finished; and Jonathan Edwards who got kicked out of his church, and he finished; and Job who suffered so much, and he finished; and Stephen who was hated and stoned, and he finished; and Mary Slessor and Amy Carmichael and St. Paul who served as single people all their lives, and they finished; and [there’s others you know as well.] (https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/looking-back-to-witnesses-up-to-jesus-and-forward-to-joy)

But all the encouragement in the world will do us no good if we are weighed down with unnecessary or unhelpful obstacles. Besides knowing that others have successfully run this race before us, we are then to throw off everything that hinders us from running this race. Everything!

This has reference to the radical stripping off of one’s clothing before a race, as in the Greek custom of the day. Many runners and fighters stripped naked to keep from being slowed down or having anything that could be grabbed to take one down in a wrestling match. While runners today might train with weights on their legs, they certainly take them off when running a race. Athletes today wear the most aerodynamic outfits they possibly can in both track events and swimming events, just to try to take hundredths of seconds off their time.

Our writer indicates two things that serious runners need to divest themselves from—anything that hinders, and any sin: “let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely…” This must be done before the race begins. It is preparation for running the race successfully. We cannot win in the Christian life if we allow these weights and sins to cling to us.

I think it is obvious to most of us that we must jettison the sins from our lives, so let’s look at that first. We are to “lay aside…sin which clings so closely.” The word “sin” here is hamartia, which means “to miss the mark.” Sin is pictured as an attempt to keep God’s commands, but always messing up in some way.

In moral and ethical contexts, it means to fail of one’s purpose, to go wrong, or to fail to live according to an accepted standard or ideal. Sin is the failure to be what we ought to be and could be. Paul tells us that “all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God” (Rom. 3:23). No one is righteous (Rom. 3:10).

One of the biggest problems with sin is that it “clings so closely.” The word is euperistaton and it is found only here in the New Testament. It has the idea of something that “ensnares,” some versions use the word “besetting,” to illustrate something that persistently comes upon a person unbidden, maybe unnoticed. The problem with sin is, we like it. We fall into it so easily. That’s what makes it so besetting, so ensnaring.

A phenomenon of nature, repeated billions of times, provides an ongoing allegory of sin’s billion-fold pathology. Perhaps you have seen it yourself while lying on the grass by a sundew plant when a fly lights on one of its leaves to taste one of the glands that grow there. [This is describing the Sun Dew plant.] Instantly three crimson-tipped, finger-like hairs bend over and touch the fly’s wings, holding it firm in a sticky grasp. The fly struggles mightily to get free, but the more it struggles, the more hopelessly it is coated with adhesive. Soon the fly relaxes, but to its fly-mind “things could be worse,” because it extends its tongue and feasts on the sundew’s sweetness while it is held even more firmly by still more sticky tentacles. When the captive is entirely at the plant’s mercy, the edges of the leaf fold inward, forming a closed fist. Two hours later the fly is an empty sucked skin, and the hungry fist unfolds its delectable mouth for another easy entanglement. Nature has given us a terrifying allegory. (R. Kent Hughes, Hebrews, Volume 2, pp. 158-159).

The specific sin is not mentioned here, and with good reason. “We each have characteristic sins that more easily entangle us than others. Some sins that tempt and degrade others hold little appeal for us—and vice versa. Sensuality may be the Achilles’ heel for many men, but not all. Another who has gained victory over such sin may regularly down jealousy’s deadly nectar, not realizing it is rotting his soul. Dishonesty may never tempt some souls, for guile simply has no appeal to them, but just cross them and you will feel Satan’s temper!” (R. Kent Hughes, Hebrews: Volume 2, p.159)

These sins are ours, our choices that we make to rebel against God’s will. As David Guzik says, “If such ensnaring sins were really the work of demonic possession or demonic influence in the Christian, this would be an ideal place for the Holy Spirit to address this. Yet we are never given reason to blame our sin on demons; the appeal is simply for us to, in the power of the Holy Spirit, ‘lay aside…the sin that clings so closely’”

What sin do you have the hardest time saying “no” to? What do you persistently struggle with? Covetousness? Envy? Criticism? Laziness? Hatred? Lust? Ingratitude? Pride? Envy? Whatever sin it is, we must ruthlessly strip it off and leave it behind.

Faith Enough to Secure a “Yes”; Faith Enough to Endure a “No,” part 4 (Hebrews 11:32-40)

So we noticed in our study of Hebrews 11:32-38 that our author contrasts two groups of people. All of these people lived by faith, but for some of them God came through in spectacular ways and delivered them from their troubles, while for other people (whose faith was just as strong) God did not deliver them from pain and hardship and death.

So much for the prosperity gospel! Here are saints who are so holy and so full of faith that the world is not worthy to contain them, and yet they are called to persevere in persecution, deprivation, and death. Not only that, but the reason they are able to persevere is their great faith! Christians under the oppressive old paganism of Roman culture were to take note, and so must we in the darkening neo-paganism of our day.

Here is God’s resounding commendation, not of those whose faith enabled them to overcome, but for those whose faith helped them endure even the most devastating experiences: these were men “of whom the world was not worthy.”

Along with “Well done, thou good and faithful servant,” I don’t think there is any more valuable commendation that we could receive from God than, “This world was not worthy of you.” Why does God say that? Because despite the fact that they did not receive glorious deliverances or protection, but instead suffered through pain and persecution and even death, but did it all trusting in God and his promises, God is even more pleased with that kind of faith than in the faith that “gets it all.” I know most of us would rather have the triumphs, but it is our faith in the tragedies that really finds special commendation from God. We love it when our faith in God “gives”; but God loves it when He “takes away” and we still persistently trust Him.

One of my favorite chapters in C. S. Lewis’ Screwtape Letters is his fifth chapter called The Law of Undulation. It expresses the reality that every one of us in life go through hills and valleys. We love the mountain top experience but lament slogging through the valley. Yet, there is something within all of us that longs, however inarticulately, for a life free from these undulations. Why do we experience these unwanted alternations in life?

For those who don’t know, Screwtape is a demon writing to an apprentice demon named Wormwood. Thus, all that is said is said from the perspective of the demon. When you hear the word “Enemy,” he is referring to God. So he starts off…

MY DEAR WORMWOOD,

So you “have great hopes that the patient’s religious phase is dying away”, have you? I always thought the Training College had gone to pieces since they put old Slubgob at the head of it, and now I am sure. Has no one ever told you about the law of Undulation?

Humans are amphibians—half spirit and half animal [by which he means we consist of body and soul}. (The Enemy’s determination to produce such a revolting hybrid was one of the things that determined Our Father to withdraw his support from Him.) As spirits they belong to the eternal world, but as animals they inhabit time. This means that while their spirit can be directed to an eternal object, their bodies, passions, and imaginations are in continual change, for to be in time means to change. Their nearest approach to constancy, therefore, is undulation—the repeated return to a level from which they repeatedly fall back, a series of troughs and peaks. If you had watched your patient carefully you would have seen this undulation in every department of his life—his interest in his work, his affection for his friends, his physical appetites, all go up and down. As long as he lives on earth periods of emotional and bodily richness and liveliness will alternate with periods of numbness and poverty. The dryness and dulness through which your patient is now going are not, as you fondly suppose, your workmanship; they are merely a natural phenomenon which will do us no good unless you make a good use of it.

To decide what the best use of it is, you must ask what use the Enemy wants to make of it, and then do the opposite. Now it may surprise you to learn that in His efforts to get permanent possession of a soul, He relies on the troughs even more than on the peaks; some of His special favourites have gone through longer and deeper troughs than anyone else. The reason is this. To us a human is primarily food; our aim is the absorption of its will into ours, the increase of our own area of selfhood at its expense. But the obedience which the Enemy demands of men is quite a different thing. One must face the fact that all the talk about His love for men, and His service being perfect freedom, is not (as one would gladly believe) mere propaganda, but an appalling truth. He really does want to fill the universe with a lot of loathsome little replicas of Himself—creatures, whose life, on its miniature scale, will be qualitatively like His own, not because He has absorbed them but because their wills freely conform to His. We want cattle who can finally become food; He wants servants who can finally become sons. We want to suck in, He wants to give out. We are empty and would be filled; He is full and flows over. Our war aim is a world in which Our Father Below has drawn all other beings into himself: the Enemy wants a world full of beings united to Him but still distinct.

And that is where the troughs come in. You must have often wondered why the Enemy does not make more use of His power to be sensibly present to human souls in any degree He chooses and at any moment. But you now see that the Irresistible and the Indisputable are the two weapons which the very nature of His scheme forbids Him to use. Merely to over-ride a human will (as His felt presence in any but the faintest and most mitigated degree would certainly do) would be for Him useless. He cannot ravish. He can only woo. For His ignoble idea is to eat the cake and have it; the creatures are to be one with Him, but yet themselves; merely to cancel them, or assimilate them, will not serve. He is prepared to do a little overriding at the beginning. He will set them off with communications of His presence which, though faint, seem great to them, with emotional sweetness, and easy conquest over temptation. But He never allows this state of affairs to last long. Sooner or later He withdraws, if not in fact, at least from their conscious experience, all those supports and incentives. He leaves the creature to stand up on its own legs—to carry out from the will alone duties which have lost all relish. It is during such trough periods, much more than during the peak periods, that it is growing into the sort of creature He wants it to be. Hence the prayers offered in the state of dryness are those which please Him best. We can drag our patients along by continual tempting, because we design them only for the table, and the more their will is interfered with the better. He cannot “tempt” to virtue as we do to vice. He wants them to learn to walk and must therefore take away His hand; and if only the will to walk is really there He is pleased even with their stumbles. Do not be deceived, Wormwood. Our cause is never more in danger, than when a human, no longer desiring, but intending, to do our Enemy’s will, looks round upon a universe from which every trace of Him seems to have vanished, and asks why he has been forsaken, and still obeys.

This is why God is so proud of those whose faith doesn’t win the day, but still trusts Him as it goes through the long night of the soul. Let me read that last sentence again: “Do not be deceived, Wormwood. Our cause is never more in danger, than when a human, no longer desiring, but intending, to do our Enemy’s will, looks round upon a universe from which every trace of Him seems to have vanished, and asks why he has been forsaken, and still obeys.”

But why would any follower of Jesus Christ pursue this? Because a true follower of Jesus Christ cares most about this “better life” (Heb. 11:34) which comes through a resurrection. That is what they are looking for—they are looking forward to God’s promises being fulfilled not in the here and now, but in eternity. Paul says it like this: “to live is Christ, to die is gain” (Phil. 1:21). Faith endures the present pain for the sake of future glory.

Pastor and author John Piper, commenting on these verses, says, “The common feature of the faith that escapes suffering and the faith that endures suffering is this: both of them involve believing that God himself is better than what life can give to you now, and better than what death can take from you later. When you can have it all, faith says that God is better; and when you lose it all, faith says God is better…. What does faith believe in the moment of torture? That if God loved me, he would get me out of this? No. Faith believes that there is a resurrection for believers which is better than the miracle of escape. It’s better than the kind of resurrection experience by the widow’s son, who returned to life only to die again later.

Some of us feel like we’re living the nightmare rather than living the dream. We don’t seem to be conquering any kingdoms; rather, evil seems to have its way with us. The lions are devouring us; the fires are consuming us; the swords are cutting us to pieces. What does Hebrews 11 have to say to those living the nightmare? It says that the dream really is still alive! It says that the nightmare cannot kill the dream. It says that the heavenly dream is worth the earthly nightmare. It says the heavenly dream is better than the earthly dream by far. It says, for all those reasons, “Hang on to Jesus.”

All these people, whether in victory or defeat, had faith, what Piper calls “death-defying passion for God.” A modern example of one with such faith is Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who in 1933 left his prestigious position as a professor at the University of Berlin to join the struggle against the Nazification of the church in Germany. The professor of systematic theology at the university deemed it foolish, saying, “It is a great pity that our best hope in the faculty is being wasted on the church struggle.” God chose for Bonhoeffer the route taken by those in Hebrews 11:35b-38. He was eventually arrested and hanged naked in the Flossenburg Concentration Camp. His body was tossed aside into a pile of corpses and burned just days before the end of World War II. Some quench the power of fire; some do not. As he faced the fury of the Third Reich, here is what Bonhoeffer said: “The ultimate responsible question is not how I can heroically make the best of a bad situation but rather how the coming generations can be enabled to live.” That’s faith. That’s death-defying passion for God!

Why did Bonhoeffer have to die and others to live? Look at verses 39-40 in Hebrews 11.

And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised, since God had provided something better for us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect.

These verses are showing that by God’s mercy He allows all the believing to experience eternal reward. Some would not experience temporal victories and deliverances and blessings; but all those who exercise their faith in Jesus Christ will receive eternal reward.

Notice that verse 39 says “these were ALL commended for their faith.” All the people mentioned in Hebrews 11, both those who experienced God coming through for them in spectacular ways and those for whom God seemed to be silent at times, all of them had real faith and all of them will receive the promises.

A lack of faith is not what brought on suffering. All those in chapter 11 expressed faith in God. Some won in this life, some lost in this life; both will win in the life to come.

What, then determines whether one escapes the sword or dies by the sword? The answer is not really a “what” but a “Who.” God determines it and we don’t always know why. He doesn’t tell us why here.

In the midst of the deliverances and the non-deliverances, there is something that God is looking for. The people of Hebrews 11, literally, were “commended” because of their faith. They were noticed by God (10:15; 11:4) that they were righteous (11:4, 7) and pleasing to Him (11:5-6).

The facts that God shares his witness of these people with us in the Scriptures (7:8, 17; 10:15), but specifically in Hebrews 11, shows that he wants the world to realize the value of faith. People of faith, then, become God’s witness to the world regarding the validity of faith. For some, that witness will come with triumph. For others, their witness will arrive in defeat. For most of us, our witness will come in both. For all of us, eternal reward is coming!

Why God chooses some for one kind of witness and others for another kind of witness is a mystery. He must know what will make a good witness in a certain person’s life. The disposition of God, though is not a mystery. He is good, and faith believers that he is good even in the face of mystery.

Despite the fact that the people of Hebrews 11 were pleasing to God because of their faith, they “did not receive what was promised” in their lifetime. God had promised a new and better country for people of faith (11:13-16), but none of these people experienced the fulfillment of that promise. The reason that they didn’t is given in verse 40, and that reason, believe it or not, is “us” (the author and readers of this epistle, including you and I today)!

Although many promises had been given and fulfilled in their lifetimes, they did not receive the great promise—namely, the coming of the Messiah and salvation in him. Every one of the faithful in Old Testament times died before Jesus appeared.

As Leon Morris says:

Salvation is social. It concerns the whole people of God. We can experience it only as part of the whole people of God. As long as the believers in Old Testament times were without those who are in Christ, it was impossible for them to experience the fullness of salvation. Furthermore, it is what Christ has done that opens the way into the very presence of God for them as for us. Only the work of Christ brings those of Old Testament times and those of the new and living way alike into the presence of God (Morris, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary , vol. 12, pp. 132, 133).

Their faithfulness makes our faith a little easier. The writer to the Hebrews began this chapter speaking of faith in the present tense: Now faith is… By faith we understand (Hebrews 11:1 and 11:3). The end of the chapter reminds us that faith is and it is for we who follow in the footsteps of the faithful men and women of previous ages.

God literally “foresaw” something better for “us.” And the “something better” that God provides for us is connected to the “better resurrection,” which is equivalent to being “made perfect,” God completing the process of making us conformed to the image of His Son. Our new bodies and hearts will be perfectly suited to this new life in a new world, unlike our present bodies and hearts (which aren’t even that well suited for this world because of the curse!)

Do you see what the writer of Hebrews is saying? He saying that this story—God’s great story of faith—is not complete without you and me today. We are the final chapter of God’s story of faith.

Long ago God foresaw our lives as the final chapter, the climax of this book of faith. We, too, are commended by God for our faith, and it will be shown to all creation that we who have followed Jesus faithfully are pleasing to God. God is now adding the storyline of our lives, our faith, our triumphs and our sufferings to His record.

The author’s point is that if the Old Testament saints were faithful through all of these trials, even though they didn’t receive the promise of Christ in the flesh, how much more should we be faithful, since we have Christ! John Calvin (Calvin’s Commentaries [Baker], p. 308) put it, “A small spark of light led them to heaven; when the sun of righteousness shines over us, with what pretence can we excuse ourselves if we still cleave to the earth?”

What are some of the lessons we have learned from Hebrews 11?

First, biblical faith is not limited to any one personality type, gender, age, status, or race. Even ordinary, different people with faith are being added to God’s Hall of Faith today.

Second, biblical faith is not limited to those who have are consistent moral or spiritual giants in their walk with the Lord. And I thank God for that! George Guthrie discusses a common danger we face in thinking that these people are all different from us. “After all, they are in the Bible.” However, our author’s point is that even imperfect, inconsistent people are commended for their faith.

Third, biblical faith is willing to believe God against the odds. From universal floods, to having children at age 90 to walls falling down, people believed God could do the impossible.

Fourth, biblical faith may be present in a variety of outcomes, both positive and negative. Faith can result in triumphs; faith can be present in tragedy.

Finally, biblical faith will always be rewarded by God. Perhaps now; perhaps not now, but definitely in eternity. Friends, the books will be balanced.

So what is faith? Faith is confidence in God’s promises that results in obedient action carried out in a variety of situations by ordinary, fallible people, with various earthly outcomes either good or bad, but always with the ultimate outcome of God’s commendation and reward.

Faith Enough to Secure a “Yes”; Faith Enough to Endure a “No,” part 3 (Hebrews 11:32-40)

Some of you remember the book, or have seen the movie: Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day. It’s about a little boy whose day was “terrible…horrible…no good…and very bad.”

This one excerpt will give you a good sense for what it’s about.

“I went to sleep with gum in my mouth and now there’s gum in my hair and when I got out of bed this morning I tripped on the skateboard and by mistake I dropped my sweater in the sink while the water was running and I could tell it was going to be a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day.

At breakfast Anthony found a Corvette Sting Ray car kit in his breakfast cereal box and Nick found a Junior Undercover Agent code ring in his breakfast cereal box but in my breakfast cereal box all I found was breakfast cereal.

I think I’ll move to Australia.

In the car pool Mrs. Gibson let Becky have a seat by the window. Audrey and Elliott got seats by the window too. I said I was being scrunched. I said I was being smushed. I said, if I don’t get a seat by the window I am going to be carsick. No one even answered.

I could tell it was going to be a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day.

At school Mrs. Dickens liked Paul’s picture of the sailboat better than my picture of the invisible castle.

At singing time she said I sang too loud. At counting time she said I left out sixteen. Who needs sixteen?

I could tell it was going to be a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day.

I could tell because Paul said I wasn’t his best friend anymore. He said that Philip Parker was his best friend and that Albert Moyo was his next best friend and that I was only his third best friend.

I hope you sit on a tack, I said to Paul. I hope the next time you get a double-decker strawberry ice-cream cone that the ice cream part falls off the cone part and lands in Australia.”

Now, what in the world does that have to do with the heroes of faith in Hebrews 11? Well, up to now in the description of what happened when these people expressed faith, in general good things happened to them. We read about that in vv. 32-35a that they “through faith conquered kingdoms, enforced justice, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, 34 quenched the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, were made strong out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight. 35a Women received back their dead by resurrection.”

But not every act of faith resulted in good news, in blessings, in victories and deliverances. Not every prayer of faith results in the healing of a child or the saving of a marriage. Not every prayer of faith means that we receive admittance to the college of our choice or that we keep a job we’ve had and depended upon for years. Sometimes what we pray for doesn’t happen in the way we desire. Sometimes our dreams are dashed, our hopes are quenched, our relationships fall apart and our bank account is drained.

The test of faith is trusting God when all we have are His promises. When the waters are piled high all around us and problems and dangers are about to overwhelm us, this is when faith is tested, and when the Lord takes special pleasure in showing us His faithfulness, His love, and His power. When we have nothing but His promise to rely on, His help is the nearest and His presence the dearest to those who believe. (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 358)

That reality is reflected in these next verses in Hebrews 11, the verses that we wish were left out.

Some were tortured, refusing to accept release, so that they might rise again to a better life. 36 Others suffered mocking and flogging, and even chains and imprisonment. 37 They were stoned, they were sawn in two, they were killed with the sword. They went about in skins of sheep and goats, destitute, afflicted, mistreated—38 of whom the world was not worthy–wandering about in deserts and mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth.

If verses 32-35a sound like a dream, vv. 35b-38 sound like Stephen King’s worst nightmare!

But God blesses some who trust Him with the grace to escape serious trials and others the grace to endure serious trials. You and I might not see it as a “blessing” at the time—to go through trials—but in the long run we will see the blessing. For example, Paul says in Roman 8:18, “For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us.” Even more clear is 2 Corinthians 4:17 when Paul writes, “this light momentary affliction is preparing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison.”

The reality is that some will be “tortured.” The word “tortured” is tumpanizo, from which we get the term tympani or kettledrum, an instrument with a tightly drawn skin over it. In this case the victim would be stretched on a rack or wheel until their skin was tight as a drum, and then beaten while every nerve was taunt until every bone was out of joint and that person eventually died.

Second Maccabees details the gruesome torture of a ninety-year-old priest, Eleazar, who refused to eat swine’s flesh (2 Maccabees 6:18–31), and then goes on to recount the even more revolting accounts of the systematic torture of seven brothers for the same reason (2 Maccabees 7:1–42).

The Maccabean accounts of the torture of the seven brothers carry the words of heroic encouragement by their mother based on her hope of the resurrection:

I do not know how you came into being in my womb. It was not I who gave you life and breath, nor I who set in order the elements within each of you. Therefore the Creator of the world, who shaped the beginning of man and devised the origin of all things, will in his mercy give life and breath back to you again, since you now forget yourselves for the sake of his laws. (2 Maccabees 7:22, 23)

What a difference from the first part of this verse! Some received back their dead raised to life again, while others were tortured and refused to be released. One group was triumphant in victory through faith, while the other group was triumphant in suffering through faith.

But notice that this is a choice on the part of these martyrs. They “refus[ed] to accept release.” They could have escaped this torture, but rather they chose it. Why? So that by dying in this way, faithful to the cause of Christ, “they might rise again to a better life.” They were willing to endure pain in this life to gain the pleasures of the life to come. “Refusing to accept release” refers to the countless brethren that refused to renounce their Christian faith, accepting instead the punishment allotted them. That is still going on today.

At the Nicene Council, an important church meeting in the 4th century A.D., of the 318 delegates attending, fewer than 12 had not lost an eye or lost a hand or did not limp on a leg lamed by torture for their Christian faith. (Vance Havner)

It is embarrassing for me when I read about the earliest Christians who yearned for and even sought out martyrdom. I have to admit that holding on to life is precious to me, but they thought it precious to die for their Savior.

These men and women were willing to undergo torture in order to “rise again to a better life.” What does this mean? Some people interpret it as receiving a better reward when they are resurrected to eternal life. Others think it refers to the resurrection of the righteous as compared to the resurrection of the unrighteous.

But I think the best explanation is when you compare it to the resurrection already stated at the beginning of verse 35. Some women received back their dead, raised to life again. That was a resurrection back to this life with all its sorrows and pains, and it was not permanent. It would be better termed “resuscitation.” Each of those brought back to life would eventually die again. But the “better resurrection” is the resurrection to eternal life, which is permanent and frees us from all pain and suffering forever.

The phrase “refusing to accept release” literally means “not having accepted the redemption.” It’s a phrase which implies freedom by payment of a ransom. In other words, they were offered freedom for a price, but because that price included denying God and his word, they refused.

But the point is this: only faith will ultimately help you to persevere through the suffering of physical persecution. Faith is being sure of what you hope for and certain of what you do not see. You cannot see the “better resurrection,” but you can be sure of what you hope for and that will then give you the strength to go on.

Verse 36 gives us four additional examples of physical persecution. Verse 36 says:

Others suffered mocking and flogging, and even chains and imprisonment.

This happened to Jeremiah, for one. Jeremiah 20:2 says, “Then Pashhur (he was a priest who was the chief officer of the temple) beat Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks that were in the upper Benjamin Gate of the house of the LORD.” Another time, fulfilling God’s commands but being suspected as deserting to the Chaldeans, we read “And the officials were enraged at Jeremiah, and they beat him and imprisoned him in the house of Jonathan the secretary, for it had been made a prison. When Jeremiah had come to the dungeon cells and remained there many days, (Jeremiah 37:15-16; cf. 37:18-20; 38:6-13). The prophet Micaiah was slapped in the face, insulted and sent to prison for telling the truth (1 Kings 22:24-28).

Samson was mocked at the feast of the Philistines. Of course, even Jesus was mocked and flogged.

The Greek word for “mocking” in verse 36 can mean mocking, but it can also refer to brutality. This same word is used in 2 Maccabees to describe the treatment of the second of the seven brothers who had the skin and the hair of his head torn off. (2 Maccabees 7:7). And so, these four words in verse 36 taken together refer to all sorts of harsh treatment.

In the New Testament Paul and the apostles suffered these forms of mistreatment. Even the recipients of this letter to the Hebrews were no strangers to persecution. Listen to these words from Hebrews 10: “Remember those earlier days after you had received the light, when you stood your ground in a great contest in the face of suffering. 33 Sometimes you were publicly exposed to insult and persecution; at other times you stood side by side with those who were so treated. 34 You sympathized with those in prison and joyfully accepted the confiscation of your property, because you knew that you yourselves had better and lasting possessions” (Heb. 10:32-34).

Again, the writer of Hebrews is including these shocking examples to reveal to us severe sufferings do not automatically mean that someone lacks faith. In fact, it could very much be the presence of a strong faith that gets them into this much trouble! Faith not only sometimes leads to victory; at other times it leads to difficult suffering.

Faith not only helps us endure physical pains and persecutions, but it also helps us endure even unto death. Verse 37 encourages the readers that: “They were stoned, they were sawn in two, they were killed with the sword.”

In each of these cases the person who is memorialized for their faith suffered excruciatingly painful deaths. Their faith didn’t save them from suffering and pain, but rather it helped them endure it.

Stoning was a common Jewish form of execution. The Bible records that Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada the priest, was stoned to death (2 Chron. 24:20-22; Luke 11:50-51). According to Jewish tradition the prophet Jeremiah was also killed by stoning while living in Egypt. Jesus implied that the stoning of God’s prophets was a common offense in Israel. Jesus cried out in the gospel of Matthew: “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you.” (Matthew 23:37). In the New Testament both Stephen and Paul were stoned, with Paul somehow surviving his (Acts 7:58-60; Acts 14:19-20; 2 Cor. 11:25)

As to being sawed asunder, there is no record of this happening to a martyr in the Bible. However, the writer here draws on a non-Biblical haggadah in Ascension of Isaiah, which asserts that the prophet Isaiah was sawn in two by the false prophets of Manasseh, who stood by “laughing and rejoicing,” and that “he neither cried aloud nor wept, but his lips spake with the Holy Spirit until he was sawn in twain” (5:1, 2, 14) (R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament , vol. 2 (London: Oxford, 1968), p. 162; cf. also TB Sanhedrin 103b).

And, of course, untold numbers of the faithful were devoured in a more conventional manner by the sword. So we see that although some “escaped the edge of the sword” through faith (v. 34) on the one hand, while others, equally faithful, suffered its pain on the other hand.

Louis Evans remarks:

Here, I cannot help thinking that our author has in mind the martyrdom of Paul, which probably took place just one or two years or even a few months before the writing of this epistle. If Paul had played the game a bit more politically, he doubtless could have had his freedom (Acts 25:12; 26:32). If, as tradition has it, Paul was beheaded in A.D. 67 or 68 and this epistle was written in A.D. 68 or 69 as we have argued, then the memory of his death still burned as a fresh, hot fire on the hearth of his mind. (Louis H. Evans, Jr., The Communicator’s Commentary: Hebrews, 209-10)

Many saints “were tempted” to abandon their faith and to pursue the pleasures and treasures of the world (e.g., Moses; vv. 24-26). The priests at Nob and their families were “put to death with the sword” by Doeg the Edomite (1 Sam. 22:18-19). This fate also befell at least 100 of the Lord’s prophets in the days of Ahab and Jezebel (1 Kings 19:10) and the prophet Uriah in Egypt (Jer. 26:23).

The final list speaks of deprivation. Our text says, “They went about in skins of sheep and goats, destitute, afflicted, mistreated…” Just like Jesus, Elijah and Elisha were homeless, wandering the country because they had a price on their head. Escape to the desert or the hills was a usual response to such manhunts (cf. 1 Kings 19:1-3). Obadiah hid 100 prophets in caves to protect them from Jezebel’s fury (1 Kings 18:4, 13). On the run, those who were persecuted slept in anything they could find, even holes in the ground (Isa. 42:22).

People who “went about in sheepskins and goatskins” as their clothing were those who were forced to exist on the barest necessities. Some were impoverished (“destitute”), “afflicted” in their minds and bodies by their persecutors, and “tormented” by others who encountered them.

Faith in God carries with it no guarantee of comfort in this world: this was no doubt one of the lessons which our author wished his readers to learn. But it does carry with it great reward in the only world that ultimately matters. (F. F. Bruce, The New International Commentary on the NT: Hebrews, 329)

Our author does not identify all the men and women he refers to in these verses, but they have been noticed and numbered in heaven. Read Foxe’s Book of Martyrs or Men of the Covenant or The Reformation in England or The Scots Worthies or By Their Blood: Christian Martyrs of the Twentieth Century, or the biographies of William Tyndale, Hugh Latimer, Jim Elliot, and Johnm and Betty Stam, and you will discover that throughout history, and even in our day, countless men and women who have faced great suffering capped by inhumane executions.

What distinguishes those in vv. 33-35a from those in 35b-38? In some cases, nothing! In some cases they are the same people, receiving both resounding victories and painful deaths. Actually, there is one thing that distinguishes those who experience serious losses versus those who experience spectacular results: these are men and women of whom “the world was not worthy.”

What an epitaph! What a resounding commendation…from the very lips of God! Next week we will look a little deeper into why these people, whose faith did not save them from difficulties and death, but that faith helped them endure and for us to see why God reserved this commendation for them.

Faith Enough to Secure a “Yes”; Faith Enough to Endure a “No,” part 2 (Hebrews 11:32-40)

We are continuing our study in the last portion of Hebrews 11 as the author is once again setting forth people who expressed faith in God and saw God often bring about spectacular results, turning things around in His people’s favor.

The first heroes of faith did receive what they asked for…

32 And what more shall I say? For time would fail me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, of David and Samuel and the prophets—33 who through faith conquered kingdoms, enforced justice, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, 34 quenched the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, were made strong out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight. 35a Women received back their dead by resurrection.

We pointed out last time the fact that God answered the prayers and fulfilled the desires of people who, although very flawed, exercised faith—Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David and Samuel, the first of the prophets. Of course, there were many more prophets down through Israel’s history.

Viewed together, this dynamic half-dozen bore remarkable similarities to one another. Each lived in a time when faith was scarce—definitely the minority position. During the days of the judges, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes” (Judges 21:25), and this ethic was very much alive during the transfer to the monarchy. From Gideon to David, each battled overwhelming odds—Gideon with his three hundred against an innumerable host—young David against the giant. Each stood alone contra mundum, against the world. And most significantly, perhaps, each of these heroes had a flawed faith. John Calvin remarked:

There was none of them whose faith did not falter. Gideon was slower than he need have been to take up arms, and it was only with difficulty that he ventured to commit himself to God. Barak hesitated at the beginning so that he had almost to be compelled by the reproaches of Deborah. Samson was the victim of the enticements of his mistress and thoughtlessly betrayed the safety of himself and of all his people. Jephthah rushed headlong into making a foolish vow and was over-obstinate in performing it, and thereby marred a fine victory by the cruel death of his daughter.

And to this we could add that David was sensuous (2 Samuel 11:1ff.), and Samuel lapsed into carelessness in domestic matters (1 Samuel 8:1ff.). Calvin concludes:

In every saint there is always to be found something reprehensible. Nevertheless although faith may be imperfect and incomplete it does not cease to be approved by God. There is no reason, therefore, why the fault from which we labour should break us or discourage us provided we go on by faith in the race of our calling. (William B. Johnston, trans., Calvin’s Commentaries: The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews and the First and Second Epistles of St. Peter (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1963), p. 182).

God’s power allows trusting people to accomplish great things for God. Faith looks at impossibilities and smiles in light of the power of God! Our writer now rehearses a litany of faith’s accomplishments: “who through faith conquered kingdoms, enforced justice, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, 34 quenched the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, were made strong out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight. 35a Women received back their dead by resurrection.”

Our author lists nine empowerments grouped in three successive groups of three. The first three give the broad empowerments of authentic faith: “who through faith conquered kingdoms, enforced justice, obtained promises” (v. 33a). This was not only the corporate experience of the half-dozen, but the general experience of the preceding sixteen members of the Hall of Faith.

Some of those who “conquered kingdoms” were David, Joshua, King Asa, Jehoshaphat, King Hezekiah, and King Josiah. William Barclay has an interesting comment here. He says “There are two principal ‘kingdoms’ which the Christian is called upon to ‘subdue’: one is within himself, the other without him—the ‘flesh’ and the ‘world.'” It was easier for Solomon to subdue the Philistines than his own flesh. This reminds us that success in the battle for character is more important than victories over our enemies.

Among those who “enforced justice” were David (2 Sam. 8:15), Solomon, Elijah, Elisha, and the other prophets in general; King Josiah also. Some established justice and righteous governments. Or maybe he was thinking about Daniel, who served kings of Babylon and Medo-Persia for 75 years, and walked in integrity throughout it all.

And among those who obtained promises we could include Caleb, Gideon, and Barak. Performing acts of righteousness is faith living biblically; obtaining the promises is faith waiting biblically.

The second trio lists some of the forms of personal deliverances that they experienced: “who…stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword” (vv. 33b, 34a).

The test of faith is trusting God when all we have are His promises. When the waters are piled high all around us and problems and dangers are about to overwhelm us, this is when faith is tested, and when the Lord takes special pleasure in showing us His faithfulness, His love, and His power. When we have nothing but His promise to rely on, His help is the nearest and His presence the dearest to those who believe. (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 358)

Samson, David, and Beniah all shut the mouths of lions through physical force. Samson, barehanded, took a charging lion by the jaws and ripped it apart. David grabbed a sheep-stealing lion by the beard and thrust it through. Beniah descended into a pit on a snowy day and dispatched another king of the beasts. But Daniel is the preeminent example, through his faith and prayer (Daniel 6:17–22).

When I was as teenager the Pat Terry Group had a song about Daniel. I would encourage you to listen to the whole song, but the part about Daniel and the lions goes like this…

Early in the morning when the sun came up
The king was feeling down
He went to the lions’ den, he looked in the window
And what do you think he found?
Oh, Daniel was leading all the lions in a hymn
They were clapping their big brown paws
He said an angel of the Lord done arrived last night
And he clamped them lions’ jaws
He really did now

Deliverance from the lions’ jaws came not because Daniel was stronger than the lions, but because of God’s miraculous protection and Daniel’s faith in that protection.

While you and I might not be thrown to lions don’t overlook the fact that we’re told the Devil is on the hunt – he’s even now walking around, like a roaring lion, seeking someone to discredit (I Peter 5:8). Stephen Davey reminds us: “Every time you trust God – every time you do the right thing – every time you respond biblically – every time you avoid the snare of temptation – you effectively shut the mouth of that old lion.”

The phrase about quenching the power of fire goes straight back to the story of Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-nego in Daniel 3:19-28. These three young men were condemned to the fire because they refused to bow down to Nebucchadnezzar’s idol. Given a second chance by the king, with the warning “But if you do not worship, you shall immediately be cast into a burning fiery furnace. And who is the god who will deliver you out of my hands?” (Daniel 3:15b).

I love their response.

16 Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego answered and said to the king, “O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer you in this matter. 17 If this be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of your hand, O king. 18 But if not, be it known to you, O king, that we will not serve your gods or worship the golden image that you have set up.”

They knew that God could deliver them, but “if not…we will not serve your gods or worship the golden image you have set up.” Even if God chooses not to deliver us, we will not deny Him. He is the true God, not you, Nebucchadnezzar.

And God did deliver them, even though the furnace was heated “seven times more than it was usually heated” (Daniel 3:19).

24 Then King Nebuchadnezzar was astonished and rose up in haste. He declared to his counselors, “Did we not cast three men bound into the fire?” They answered and said to the king, “True, O king.” 25 He answered and said, “But I see four men unbound, walking in the midst of the fire, and they are not hurt; and the appearance of the fourth is like a son of the gods.” 26 Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the door of the burning fiery furnace; he declared, “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, servants of the Most High God, come out, and come here!” Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego came out from the fire.

You might not be thrown into a fiery furnace – you might not be thrown into a den of lions, but every day you re-enter your world, whether you know it or not, you face the threat of a firefight and a cunning lion. We’ve been given the “shield of faith” to quench the fiery darts of doubts and lies that Satan projects our way. Those fiery darts dipped in temptation or impatience or unbelief or pain.

King David (against both Goliath and Saul, and others), as well as the prophets Elijah and Elisha and Jeremiah, “escaped the sword,” as did many others (1 Samuel 18:10, 11; 1 Kings 19:8–10; 2 Kings 6:31, 32; Psalm 144:10; Jeremiah 39). Moses escaped the sword of Pharaoh, and Elijah escaped the sword of Jezebel.

The third triad tells about the astounding power that came by faith: “[who] were made strong out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight. Women received back their dead by resurrection” (vv. 34b, 35a).

Some of those “made strong out of weakness” were Sarah, Gideon, Abraham, Esther, and King Hezekiah. Faith requires recognizing our weakness, but at the same time, laying hold of God’s strength. As Jesus said (John 15:5), “… apart from Me you can do nothing.” Philip Hughes writes, “Faith is the response of all who are conscious of their own weakness and accordingly look to God for strength” (The Epistle to the Hebrews, p. 510).

Spurgeon reminds us “Many of us may never have to brave the fiery stake, nor to bow our necks upon the block, to die as Paul did; but if we have grace enough to be out of weakness made strong, we shall not be left out of the roll of the nobles of faith, and God’s name shall not fail to be glorified in our persons.”

Paul described his own life as being weak and experiencing God’s strength in 2 Corinthians 12. Starting in verse 7 he says, “So to keep me from becoming conceited because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations, a thorn was given me in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to harass me, to keep me from becoming conceited. Three times I pleaded with the Lord about this, that it should leave me. But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me. For the sake of Christ, then, I am content with weaknesses, insults, hardships, persecutions, and calamities. For when I am weak, then I am strong. (2 Corinthians 12:7-10)

And in 2 Corinthians 4:7 Paul once again speaks of how our weaknesses do not disqualify us from being mightily used by God: “But we have this treasure in jars of clay, to show that the surpassing power belongs to God and not to us.”

Every Christian who has accomplished great things for God has known this truth as the very foundation of what they did. Robert Morrison, a pioneer missionary to China was asked, “Do you really expect to make an impact on that great land?” He replied, “No sir, but I expect God to” (source unknown). George Muller’s biographer wrote of him, “Nothing is more marked in George Muller, to the very day of his death, than this, that he so looked to God and leaned on God that he felt himself to be nothing, and God everything” (A. T. Pierson, George Muller of Bristol [Revell], p. 112). Hudson Taylor, the great missionary to inland China, said, “All God’s giants have been weak men who did great things for God because they reckoned on God being with them” (source unknown). (https://bible.org/seriespage/lesson-43-faith%E2%80%99s-reward-hebrews-1132-40)

William Carey was a cobbler by trade. Most churchmen in his day believed that the Great Commission had been given only to the apostles, and thus they had no vision for “converting the heathen.” But Carey came to the revolutionary idea that foreign missions were the central responsibility of the church. He wrote a book promoting that thesis, and he spoke to a group of ministers, challenging them to the task of missions. In that talk, he made the now-famous statement, “Expect great things from God; attempt great things for God” (Tucker, p. 115).

What are you trusting God for right now that is beyond your comfort zone or human ability? Are you praying for God to do anything that, if He did it, there could be no human explanation for it?

Several of the Psalms express how David and his men “became mighty in war …” experiencing God’s strength to do battle against their enemies (Psalm 17, 18, 59, etc.). Allied with that phrase is the next, “put foreign armies to flight…” David did it on numerous occasions, so did the renowned Maccabeans during the 3^rd century B. C. against Antiochus Ephiphanes, the ruthless Syrian king.

Even when experiencing the greatest loss in the temporal realm–death–faith triumphs. Our author ends this list of mighty triumphs by saying, “Women received back their dead by resurrection” (Heb. 11:35a). He saves this feat until last because it is the greatest expression of God’s delivering power.

What are you trusting God for right now that seems impossible and is far beyond your comfort zone or human ability? Are you praying for God to do anything that, unless God shows up in a mighty way, you fall flat on your face?

Faith always involves the risk of putting yourself into a situation where, if God does not come through, you fail miserably. This doesn’t mean that we should be sloppy in our preparation or planning or follow through. There is nothing spiritual about sloppiness or lack of preparation or just being lazy. But it is to say that after all of our planning and preparations and conduct, we should be still praying, “God, if you don’t work, this whole thing is going to be a colossal failure!”

Like Peter stepping out of the boat into the water, we should be very much aware that if He doesn’t hold us up, we’re going to drown! So pray with me that God would accomplish things through our lives and churches that can only be explained because God did it.

But even before we decide to go out and do miracles and conquer kingdoms, let’s focus on a more personal and practical level. Let’s first remember that private victories precede public victories.

How are you doing on taming your temper…or your sharp tongue?
How about conquering that bitter, unforgiving spirit?
How about loving your spouse with unconditional love, giving 100% of your time, energy and effort to doing what is best for them?
How about reconciling with an enemy?

Believe me, those are miracles too!

Faith Enough to Secure a “Yes”; Faith Enough to Endure a “No,” part 1 (Hebrews 11:32-40)

Today we hear a lot about the “health and wealth gospel.” These preachers try to tell us that if we have enough faith then we shouldn’t get sick and we will live in prosperity. Some go so far as to say that if we “name it and claim it” God is obligated to give it to us. This has not only affected believers in the United States, but around the world.

A third-world pastor Dieudonne Tamfu and a recent professor at Bethlehem College & Seminary defines prosperity theology like this:

The prosperity gospel is an idolatrous perversion of the gospel according to which Jesus is a means to God’s full blessings, primarily of wealth, health, and might, now available to those who trust and obey certain faith principles prescribed by a particular man of God. https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/the-gods-of-the-prosperity-gospel, accessed 5/20/24)

In prosperity theology the God of heaven has been reduced by the religious con artists to nothing more than a dispenser of gifts that gratify the basest lusts of men, and a god that can be manipulated by positive thinking.

The Christian life in America has become synonymous with prosperity, so that any failures, illnesses, or tragedies are ruled to be outside the sovereignty of God, and beneath the dignity of the Christian. But faith is not a magic button to get God to do what you want him to do.

None of this modern teaching finds any resemblance to Hebrews 11, or the balance of Scripture for that matter. We err when teaching of faith only in terms of some tangible success or accomplishment. Faith is just as active, just as real, and just as powerful when all circumstances are unfavorable, when we face deep personal loss, when our enemies appear to conquer us, and when all hope of comfort and happiness are gone.

Yes, we should have faith enough to secure a “yes” from God, even in impossible situations. But we must also have faith enough to endure a “no” from God, trusting Him still not only when He gives, but when He takes away.

Again, faith in Christ is just as active, just as real, and just as powerful when all our earthly circumstances and experiences are distasteful, when we experience deep personal loss, when our enemies overwhelm us, and when all hope of comfort and external peace are gone. Faith takes us through the rivers of woe, through the fiery furnace of adversity, over the hills of difficulty, and through many stormy seas.

Both kinds of faith receive God’s approval. Notice v. 39, at the end of this passage in Hebrews 11.

And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised…

Now the “all these” includes everyone mentioned in Hebrews 11, but in particular the two groups of people mentioned in vv. 32-34a and vv. 34b-38. One group experienced miraculous victories and deliverances, but the other group did not. Yet, all of them were commended for their faith. You see, faith is not measured by whether we get what we ask for or by whether we succeed in what we do. Rather, faith trusts God and submits to His will, in spite of the results, in view of a greater reward.

Remember verses 1 and 6 in Hebrews 11 say, “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen” …“And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.”

Faith in God, the eternal God who is faithful to all His promises, looks beyond this life. It doesn’t put all of its emphasis on whether God “come through” in the here and now. Faith believes that the best is yet to come!

The writer of Hebrews in the 11^th chapter has been providing his original audience (and us) with one example of faith after another. He has selectively displayed different individuals and their faith-based actions in chronological order, beginning with Abel, the son born to Adam and Eve. In verses 32-40, he focuses on the periods of the judges, kings, prophets and beyond.

This passage is bracketed by the words “through faith” in verse 33 and “through their faith” in verse 39.

That all sounds great, doesn’t it. These people, “through faith” were victorious and successful and experienced miraculous deliverances. But that isn’t the whole picture of people of faith.

But in the middle of verse 35 we start to find situations in which people did not get delivered, did not experience victory or health or prosperity.

And our author summarizes this whole chapter, again emphasizing the hope for future reward:

39 And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised, 40 since God had provided something better for us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect.

Our text falls into three portions:

In verses 32-35a, he shows how sometimes God blesses those who trust in Him with spectacular answers to prayer.
But without even catching his breath, in the middle of verse 35 he shifts direction to show (11:35b-38) that sometimes God blesses those who trust Him with the grace to endure horrible persecutions and difficulties without wavering.
He then concludes (11:39-40) by showing that God will definitely bless all who trust Him with eternal rewards.

This is our author’s crescendo and conclusion.

God blesses some who trust Him with the power to secure spectacular results.

Our author begins this portion with a rhetorical question: “And what more shall I say?” Need he add more examples of faith? Need he say anything more to prove the necessity and effectiveness of faith? He admits that he does not have the space or time to do it, “For time would fail me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, of David and Samuel and the prophets…”

By mentioning these men we see that God’s grace allows flawed people to accomplish great things for God. Even our flaws cannot prevent God’s grace from accomplishing some great things through us! Each individual that the writer mentioned was far less than perfect, as is every believer today. Yet God approved the faith of each one—no matter how weak or frail.

Leon Morris points out: “Gideon was slow to take up arms; Barak hesitated and went forward only when Deborah encouraged him; Samson was enticed by Delilah; and Jephthah made a foolish vow and stubbornly kept it.”

Four of these men were identified in the book of Judges, during that period when “every man did what was right in his own eyes,” and faith appeared to be almost non-existent. But here’s the reality: Although all five of these men had serious shortcomings, God still honored their faith. When they expressed their faith in God, God honored that. He came through.

Ellingworth comments: “The order of names here may be understood if they are read as three pairs, Gideon-Barak, Samson-Jephthah, David-Samuel, the more important member of each pair being named first” (Paul Ellingworth, The Epistle to the Hebrews (New International Greek Testament Commentary, p. 623)

Gideon did lead Israel in victory over the Midianites and he did express faith in God that his 300 men could defeat the Midianite army of 135,000, but when God originally approached Gideon, he was hiding in the winepress to escape the notice of the Midianites. At that point “the angel of the LORD appeared to him and said to him, “The LORD is with you, O mighty man of valor” (Judges 6:12). Gideon was anything but a “mighty man of valor” at this point. He was hiding out of fear.

Then, when God called him to “save Israel from the hand of Midian” (Judges 6:14), Gideon made excuses (Judges 6:15). Even though God promised to be with him, Gideon tested God two times, asking him to make a sheepskin wet with dew while the ground was dry and then to make the ground wet with dew while the sheepskin remained dry.

But, in Judges 7 Gideon led his 300 men (which God had pared down a couple of times from 22,000 to 10,000 to 300) in victory against the Midianites. That took faith and God provided the victory. Gideon would know that he could not possibly win on the strength of his army, but totally relied on the strength of God. Gideon’s feat was an act of faith with spectacular results.

Barak also led Israel to victory, however he seems to do so on the coattails of Deborah. Barak, who was from the tribe of Naphtali and led the Israelites against Jabin’s forces, was better than most of the judges who came after him. Yet, he was no paragon of faith. God spoke through Deborah, telling Barak to lead men from Naphtali and Zebulun against Sisera, Jabin’s general, and the Canaanite forces. Moreover, Barak was promised victory (Judges 4:6-7). However, Barak resisted, saying that he would go only if Deborah went with him (v. 8). The promise of God was insufficient for him, evidencing a lack of faith on his part. Deborah consented to go with him, but she told Barak that in the victory to come, he would not receive the glory (v. 9). God can use people even when their faith is less than perfect, but we lose out on those blessings ourselves when we doubt His promises. God can give victory, even when our faith is less than perfect.

I hope that is encouraging to you. God can still use your little faith to accomplish His will.

By the way, just let me remind you that for all his faith in building the ark, Noah got stone cold drunk! Abraham twice lied about who Sarah was in order to save his own skin. Jacob was known as the deceiver and is perhaps most famous for having stolen his older brother’s birthright. Moses committed murder. All of these men of faith were less than perfect.

Samson routed the Philistines on several occasions, but his whole life rarely evidenced any faith in God, until the very end. Samson was victorious over the Philistines men; it was the women that tripped him up.

Jephthah was the son of a harlot, initially driven away by his half-brothers. But later, the elders of his hometown pled with him to return and lead them in battle against the enemy. He did win a great victory, but then made a rash vow to sacrifice the first thing that came out of his house when he returned home from battle and that happened to be his only daughter. I mean, what did he expect to come out of the house to greet him? The vow was foolish, but he ended up keeping it.

One wonders why God would put a man like Jephthah into a list of faith heroes. In our minds hard to reconcile such an act with Hebrews 11:32 and its record of Jephthah’s being a man of faith. Yet we should note that the author of Hebrews is giving an evaluation of Jephthah with respect to his military victories, not this specific incident. In Scripture—as in the world today—people who trust in God also sometimes commit awful sins. That is not to excuse our transgressions. Jephthah should have repented of his rash vow and not killed his daughter, for God does not want us to fulfill vows that break His commandments. We can be grateful that God’s grace covers all of our sin when we trust in Christ, but that gives us no license for evil. (https://www.ligonier.org/learn/devotionals/jephthahs-rash-vow)

The writer does not go into all the details about what these men did. But if we examine the OT record, we find that each man battled against overwhelming odds so that, humanly speaking, there was little chance of his coming out on top. (Frank E. Gæbelein, Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Vol. 12, 129-30)

“Hearts of iron, feet of clay” is a phrase coined by Gary Inrig to describe many of these Old Testament heroes. And no one fits that moniker better than David, the only king named in all of Hebrews 11. Though as famous for his sins as for his faith, he was clearly one who from childhood had a simple faith in God—taking on lions and bears with his bare hands, as well as Goliath using a simple slingshot, it seemed not even to occur to David not to trust in his God in those cases. Though quite imperfect, God still called him “a man after My heart; he will do everything I want him to do” (Acts 13:22).

Samuel is the last person mentioned in this list by name. He was the last of the judges of Israel but the first of the prophets. Though not a warrior like the rest, he fought a battle as fierce as any faced by the military leaders—only it was against immorality and idolatry among his own people. It often takes more courage, as we all know, to stand up against our friends and our own people than against our enemies.

His (Samuel’s) great foes were idolatry and immorality. He had to stand up in the middle of a polluted society and fearlessly speak God’s truth. His severest opponents frequently were not the Philistines, the Amorites, or Ammonites–but his own people. It often takes more courage to stand up against our friends than against our enemies. (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 366)

Even Samuel, although a godly man himself, failed to raise his sons to follow the Lord (1 Samuel 8:1-3). Samuel was regarded as the first of the prophets, and so the term covers everyone from his day down to Malachi that functioned as a prophet—revealing God message to His people.

The reversal of the order of Samuel and David may be intended to bring Samuel into closer contact with “the prophets” who are mentioned immediately after, Samuel being the first in the continuous “prophetic succession” of the age of the Hebrew monarchy. (F. F. Bruce, The New International Commentary on the NT: Hebrews, 320)

As a whole, these people boldly proclaimed God’s truth, and often suffered for it. But overall, put the men of verse 32 into a scale and it tips upwards towards those who had glaring flaws. John Calvin said, “In every saint there is always to be found something reprehensible. Nevertheless, although faith may be imperfect and incomplete it does not cease to be approved by God.”

It is not the perfection of our faith that God honors, but the perfection of the object of our faith. God approves faith even when it is displayed through the weakness of flawed personalities, because faith looks to Christ.

I hope this is encouraging to you. You do not have to be perfect, or have perfect faith, or be a spiritual giant to be used by God. Just exercise the faith you have in the promise and person of God.

On the other hand, this is not an excuse for not dealing with sin in your life. If we have sinned, we need to confess our sins and repent and change.

It’s not our faith, but God’s faithfulness that brings the victory. Even when we are weak, or especially because we know we are weak, it is God’s strength that accomplishes His purposes.

We will continue with what these men of faith did in vv. 33-34 next week.

Faith for the Impossible, the Irrational, and the Immoral, part 2 (Hebrews 11:29-31)

Last week we noted that faith attempts the impossible, as Israel did when they walked through the Reed Sea on dry ground because God had promised to make that possible, while the Egyptians were buried under the waves because they had no promise. Israel faced a dangerous and impossible situation. They were about to be annihilated or captured by the Egyptians, who were pursuing them, while in front of them was a body of water they could not cross. But God made a way where there seemed to be no way.

Today, we want to look at Hebrews 11:30, which shows us that faith sometimes accepts the irrational. There was approximately forty years between the faith exhibited by Israel in v. 29 and the faith exhibited in v. 30. In between was a lot of unbelief.

30 By faith the walls of Jericho fell, after the army had marched around them for seven days.

At this point Israel had wandered around in the desert for a total of 40 years, during which the older generation (the one that murmured so often and ultimately didn’t believe, (cf. Heb. 3:7-19) died off and a new generation had arisen. God had instructed them again in the law through the book of Deuteronomy and now they are at the edge of the land. Now remember, God had promised them this land. This is what Abraham, Isaac and Jacob had all been waiting for.

So Israel was now camped on the Plains of Moab on the eastern side of the Jordan river. Their first obstacle to entering the land and conquering it was the city of Jericho. The problem is that Jericho was a well-fortified city. Israel had a largely untrained army and no siege weapons. How could they possibly overcome it?

Jericho was the gateway city to Canaan that the Israelites came to when they entered the Promised Land. The city of Jericho was surrounded by walls so that no one was able to get in, and the walls served as solid protection against attacks. The gates could be locked to keep the Israelites out (see Joshua 6:1).

Humanly speaking, Joshua bore all the lonely responsibility of the leadership of his fickle, frightened people. How he would have liked to have Moses there to talk to. But there was no Moses. Joshua now has sole responsibility. He needed to get away to pray, to meditate, to plan the conquest.

Joshua had sent spies to scout out the city, Israel had crossed the Jordan and sanctified themselves, celebrated Passover, and then something strange happened. As Joshua was out strategizing how to take on this walled city, the LORD appeared to Joshua in human form as the “captain of the Lord’s army” (so obviously an important person) and this man told Joshua God’s plan for victory (Joshua 5:13-6:5).

When we come to it straight from God’s presence, no task can ever defeat us. Our failure and our fear are so often due to the fact that we try to do things alone. The secret of victorious living is to face God before we face men. (William Barclay, The Daily Study Bible Series, Hebrews, 159)

I believe (along with Calvin and Keil and Delitzsch) that this “commander of the army of the LORD” was a theophany, an appearance of Jehovah in the form of an angelic messenger.

Joshua asked “Are you for us or for our enemies?” It was Joshua’s responsibility, as the shepherd-leader of Israel, to determine whether this warrior was a friend or an enemy. The man replied, “Neither,” he replied, “but as commander of the army of the LORD I have now come” (Joshua 5:14) This reminds me of Abraham Lincoln’s remark during the Civil War, when asked if God was on his side, “Sir, my concern is not whether God is on our side,” said the President, “my greatest concern is to be on God’s side, for God is always right.”

So Joshua, are you on God’s side? That could only be proven by faith and obedience. “Then Joshua fell facedown to the ground in reverence, and asked him, ‘What message does my Lord have for his servant?’” (Joshua 5:14b)

The commander of the LORD’s army replied, “Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy.” And Joshua did so. (Joshua 5:15). This command obviously reminded Joshua of Moses calling at the burning bush. He was taking this man seriously.

This encounter with God served to steel Joshua and arm him for the conquering of Jericho, for very specific reasons. He saw not only that God was with him, but God’s mystic appearance—with his sword pulled from his scabbard and held ready for battle—was indelibly printed on Joshua’s consciousness. God would fight for him! He knew that whatever the enemy mobilized, it would be matched and exceeded by heavenly mobilization. It was this same awareness that galvanized Philipp Melanchthon, the primary theologian of the Reformation, for the immense battles he fought, for his favorite verse was Romans 8:31: “If God is for us, who can be against us?” Melanchthon is said to have referenced this verse many times in his writings—and on his death bed. It was his repeated (victorious!) refrain.

That was great. The problem is that the plan was absurd. Listen to it.

Then the LORD said to Joshua, “See, I have delivered Jericho into your hands, along with its king and its fighting men. March around the city once with all the armed men. Do this for six days. Have seven priests carry trumpets of rams’ horns in front of the ark. On the seventh day, march around the city seven times, with the priests blowing the trumpets. When you hear them sound a long blast on the trumpets, have the whole army give a loud shout; then the wall of the city will collapse and the army will go up, everyone straight in” (Joshua 6:2-5)

Does that sound like a sensible battle plan to you? No one else in history has tried this. No military commander has sent his men into battle with this strategy. It’s just absurd.

But in Joshua it produced the bedrock faith that introduces Hebrews 11—“Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen”—faith’s dynamic dual certitude. He had incredible visual certitude, for he had seen the unseen. His conviction regarding the invisible would gird him in every battle. He had awesome future certitude regarding what he hoped for—namely, the fall of Jericho and the taking of the Promised Land. He was confident those walls would fall!

But from this historical account we can learn five lessons.

First, salvation brings us into conflict with powerful enemies. We’ve already seen this when Israel faced the Egyptian armies at the Reed Sea. Being God’s people doesn’t insulate us from encountering significant problems. Rather, it often is the catalyst for conflict, conflicts that wouldn’t have happened had we not been chosen by God.

You see, before you and I were saved, selfishness, pride, ego, greed, lust and many, many other sins didn’t trouble us. In fact, sometimes we even thought of them as virtues! But when we got saved and realized that these “fortified cities” (the New Testament calls them “strongholds”) would forever cause us problems unless we conquered them. The problem is, they become deeply entrenched in our hearts and we have difficulty conquering them.

Not only do we now face enemies within, but salvation also brings us into conflict with people.

Family members don’t like your newfound faith, because it now threatens their own favorite vices.
Bosses don’t like the fact that you won’t cheat or lie for them anymore.
Former friends malign you because you won’t join them in their parties and corrupt practices (cf. 1 Peter 4:3-4).

A second lesson we can learn here is that God’s way of victory usually accentuates His power and our weakness.

Marching around a walled city for seven days while blowing trumpets is not a sensible battle plan. It must have seemed silly to many in Israel and certainly to everyone inside Jericho. “This is the mighty army of Israel? This is what we were afraid of?”

If Joshua had held strategy meetings with his top commanders, none of them would have suggested this plan. One might have argued for direct assault, with siege ramps and battering rams to overpower the city. Another may have suggested waiting it out until the city was starved into submission. But no one would have dreamed of this plan.

Yet God chose this strange approach to teach them that victory over powerful enemies comes not when we trust in ourselves and our best strategies, but when we trust totally in our God. Often, our problem is not that we are too weak, but that we think we are strong in ourselves. Because we are so prone to pride, if God granted us victory in such situations, we would take at least some of the credit for ourselves. Therefore, God’s plan for victory often humbles our pride by accentuating God’s power and our weakness.

We see this in the way that God reduced the army of Gideon from 32,000 men to just 300 men, all to take on the Midianite army of 135,000. It wasn’t until Gideon was weak in number, weak enough to know that his only hope was in God, that God would grant them victory and they would give Him the glory.

Likewise, Paul spoke of the thorn in the flesh as something that humbled him. He testified that “when I am weak, then I am strong” (2 Cor. 12:10) because God’s strength was being manifest in his weakness. In 2 Corinthians 4:7 Paul says, “But we have this treasure in jars of clay [our weak, earthly bodies…why?] to show that this all-surpassing power is from God and not from us.”

Hudson Taylor said that when God wanted to open inland China to the gospel, He looked around for a man weak enough for the task. One of the things Hudson Taylor would be marked by was a sense of humility; and a deep sense of joy – almost a sense of surprise – that God had chosen to use him for His glory. He would write, “I often think that God must have been looking for someone small enough and weak enough for Him to use . . . and He found me” (R. Kent Hughes, 1001 Great Stories and Quotes, (Tyndale House, 1998), p. 213).

So, God’s path to victory always involves faith, sometimes faith in something that is totally irrational, so that our weakness is revealed and God’s strength alone is recognized as the power behind the victory.

Thirdly, faith must obey God implicitly.

Genuine faith always obeys. If fact, we cannot really say that we believe unless we do obey God. But faith for the impossible obeys God’s completely. The LORD had given explicit instructions to Joshua that demanded implicit obedience from the Israelites (cf. Joshua 6:2–5; 6–10).

Israel could have said, “That’s a really fascinating plan, Joshua, and we do believe that God could do it that way. But we’ve got a more sensible approach.” That would have been rebellion. It might look like good sense but it’s not.

Obeying God in this situation, unlike Israel at the Reed Sea, involved wearying effort. Every time around that wall would involve 30-60 minutes of walking, and on the seventh day it would involve 3 ½ hours.

You know, I would have been grumbling even before the seventh day, saying, “We’ve been walking for five, six, seven days, and NOTHIN’ has happened!” Maybe somebody said that; we don’t know.

What we do know is that on the seventh day, just like God had instructed, and Joshua 6:20 records, “When the trumpets sounded, the army shouted, and at the sound of the trumpet, when the men gave a loud shout, the wall collapsed; so everyone charged straight in, and they took the city.”

Only a fool would have attempted such a courageous approach to battle apart from God’s direction and power. From the perspective of faith, only a fool would not attempt such a thing when he has God’s direction and power. (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 364-5)

The writer of Hebrews tells us, in a simple sentence, “By faith the walls of Jericho fell down after they had been encircled for seven days” (v. 30). This is the key to the spiritual understanding of the fall of Jericho: the walls of Jericho fell because of the faith of Joshua and his people. It was the greatest corporate act of faith in Israel’s history, one never to be exceeded.

And Calvin is right when he says, “It is evident, that the walls did not fall through the shout of men, or the sound of trumpets; but because the people believed that the Lord would do what he had promised” (John Calvin, Commentaries: Hebrews, 300).

Obedience like that is always based on God’s revealed Word. In this case Joshua had heard directly from God. There was really no confusion about what God had said. They were not ignorant of God’s command. For us we have the Scriptures. And while they don’t speak to all the particulars of life, they give enough general commands to provide us with sure guidance.

The question is whether we will obey it, especially when it seems so against human reason. Like Mark Twain said, “It’s not the parts of the Bible I don’t understand that bother me, it’s the parts I do understand.” Those parts we must obey.

A fourth lesson we learn here is that faith must often wait upon God.

God could have said, “March around Jericho once, blow the trumpet and shout! The walls will fall down.” Every day that victory or those answers to pray are delayed, it tests our faith. We don’t like to wait. Waiting is one of the hardest things we have to do.

And the intensity of the problem likely increased day to day. Every day they likely heard jeers from the people on the wall. When the Canaanites got a good look at the procession, they undoubtedly exploded in incredulous laughter and then hoots and catcalls. They could not believe their eyes. What fools these Israelites were—clowns! And secretly some of the Hebrews agreed.

Every day they wondered whether Jericho’s defenses were being strengthened and improved. But God didn’t allow them to defeat Jericho in a day.

They had to wait for God’s timing. And that’s never easy. Next to suffering, waiting is the hardest thing we have to do as believers. Abraham had to wait, Isaac and Jacob did too. Moses had to wait. Every believer will have to wait. It’s not that God is slow. He just realizes how much good soul work can be done while we are waiting. It is during these slow times that we have time to look up to God, to remind ourselves of His past faithfulness and to feed our hope on His promises.

What do we do while we are waiting for the culmination of God’s promise? “Just do the next thing,” Elisabeth Elliot often said, quoting a poem. Until God reveals our next steps, we have much to keep us busy while we wait.

Finally, faith waits with expectancy.

Israel believed that God would act if they obeyed. It didn’t happen quickly, but they believed He would act in their behalf. When he told them to shout, they did so, with expectation that in that moment God would bring the walls down.

Several years ago, I learned as I was preaching on John the Baptist and how he was in prison struggling with whether his cousin Jesus really was the Messiah, that there is an important difference between expectation and expectancy. Expectation has a definite picture in mind of what you want to see happen, while expectancy is an attitude that is open to whatever God might want to do.

While we don’t always know how God will answer our prayers or desires, we can face the future with the expectancy that He will do something for our good. It might not be the “good” we have in mind, in fact it might even be better! And that’s the way that God is: we don’t want to put Him into a box by having definite expectations of what God will do or how God will answer our prayers. We don’t demand that God do it the way we expect. Instead, we should carry an attitude of expectancy that “Yes, God is going to act, He’s going to work. He may surprise us in the exact ways that He accomplishes His purposes and fulfills His promises in our lives.”

The video, “Jericho Unearthed,” effectively demonstrates that the Bible and Jericho’s archaeology do indeed match. You can pick up the DVD or watch it online through Amazon instant video.

https://www.holylandsite.com/jericho-tell-es-sultan

Faith Values the Greater Reward from God, part 4 (Hebrews 11:27-28)

Today we will conclude our study of Moses as he is presented as a man of faith in Hebrews 11. We are picking up at vv. 27 and 28 today.

27 By faith he left Egypt, not being afraid of the anger of the king, for he endured as seeing him who is invisible. 28 By faith he kept the Passover and sprinkled the blood, so that the Destroyer of the firstborn might not touch them.

Both of these verses remind us that Moses’ choices, at least in these cases, was driven by faith. Here the author explains that Moses’ another forty-year separation from Egypt in the land of Midian. Here again the author references the second half of his description of faith in verse 1: “Now faith is . . . the conviction of things not seen”— visual certitude.

Moses’ choice to side with the Israelites is explained for us in Exodus 2:11-15a:

11 One day, when Moses had grown up, he went out to his people and looked on their burdens, and he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his people. 12 He looked this way and that, and seeing no one, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. 13 When he went out the next day, behold, two Hebrews were struggling together. And he said to the man in the wrong, “Why do you strike your companion?” 14 He answered, “Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you mean to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid, and thought, “Surely the thing is known.” 15 When Pharaoh heard of it, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from Pharaoh and stayed in the land of Midian.

While it may seem that Moses left Egypt because Pharoah “sought to kill Moses” (Exod. 2:15), our text in Hebrews 11 said that he was “not being afraid of the anger of the king,” in other words, that was not the cause of his departure. The cause is that “he endured as seeing him who is invisible.”

Philip Edgecombe Hughes remarks, “… it was not personal fear of Pharaoh but the awareness of his destiny as the deliverer of the covenant people that caused him to take flight. Had he remained [in Egypt], at that juncture, this destiny would have been thwarted, humanly speaking, by his execution; and so, impelled by faith in the divine purpose for his life, Moses took refuge in Midian” (A Commentary …, p. 499. Cf. Dods, 4:361).

By the way, some believe that verse 27 is not referring to Moses’ first departure from Egypt, but the departure of the Exodus. If so, Moses’ boldness and courage was very pronounced in that case.

A. W. Pink observes, “Faith and fear are opposites, and yet, strange to say, they are often found dwelling within the same breast; but where one is dominant the other is dormant” (Exposition of Hebrews [Ephesians Four Group, CD, p. 804). Moses probably had some butterflies in his stomach as he prepared to go before Pharaoh. Martin Luther fought off anxiety at the Diet of Worms as he appealed to Scripture and said, “Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me.” Faith in God enabled these men to obey Him and overcome any fear.

Whether or not it was the first departure or the second, the key to Moses’ response is that he “endured.” “By faith he left Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king, for he endured – he persevered – as seeing Him who is unseen.” In other words, it wasn’t basically fear that caused Moses to leave Egypt, it was “endurance.” Endurance?

In what? Endurance implies a chosen path of difficulty that you are tempted to forsake but you hang in there and “endure.” What is the writer referring to when he says in verse 27 that Moses “left Egypt . . . for he endured . . .”? What path had Moses chosen that required endurance to stay on and even led him out of Egypt for 40 years before he came back to rescue his people?

The writer expresses the dangerous, painful path Moses had chosen in two ways: First (in verse 25) it is the choosing of ill-treatment with the people of God over the passing pleasures of sin. Second (in verse 26) it is the choosing of reproach for Christ (the Messiah) over the treasures of Egypt. Now don’t miss this! The choice was made before the threat of Pharaoh. The bridges had already been burned between Moses and Egypt. It had happened in his heart. Not yet geographically, but spiritually and morally he was gone already. Do you see that? (https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/liberated-for-love-by-looking-to-the-reward)

Faith is a hunger for God that triumphs over our hunger for the pleasures of this world. And so faith unleashes radically God-centered, risk-taking, people-loving behavior.

The source of Moses’ courageous endurance was the fact that he was able to see “him who was invisible.” The paradoxical phrase “seeing him who is invisible” does not mean he saw God with the naked eye. Faith’s eye saw what the physical eye is incapable of seeing. But there did also come a time when God was so pleased with Moses’ spiritual vision that he graced him with physical vision of a part of God’s glory (cf. Exodus 33:18–23) and spoke to him face-to-face (cf. Exodus 33:9–11; Numbers 12:7, 8).

Kent Hughes argues that this is not extraordinary, but should be the normal experience of every believer. Elisha’s prayer is just as relevant today for the church as it was when he prayed it over his anxious servant: “Then Elisha prayed and said, ‘O LORD, please open his eyes that he may see.’ So the LORD opened the eyes of the young man, and he saw, and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha” (2 Kings 6:17).

David speaks of beholding God’s beauty in the temple (Psalm 27:4) and had beheld God’s “power and glory” in the sanctuary (Psalm 63:2). But what David saw and what we see is not visible with the naked eye, but rather with the eyes of our heart.

There are verses which say we cannot see God (1 Timothy 6:15-17, 1 Timothy 1:17; 1 John 4:12; Exodus 33:20; Deuteronomy 4:12), but other verses which say that we can, such as “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God” (Matt. 5:8). We cannot see God physically, but we cannot even see God spiritually without divine intervention. Paul says in 2 Corinthians 4:3-6, “And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled only to those who are perishing. In their case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelievers, to keep them from seeing the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. For what we proclaim is not ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, with ourselves as your servants for Jesus’ sake. For God, who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,” has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.”

This is what kept Moses from fearing the wrath of Pharoah, because he could see that God was with him. Like David in Psalm 23:4, “Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me.” When we know that God is with us and for us, we can have peace in the midst of the most difficult, even terrifying, circumstances.

William Lane points out that Moses’ “seeing” of God was not a one time event, but a constant, habitual practice: “The emphasis … falls not on endurance but on continually seeing, as it were, the unseen God … The reference is not to the awesome event at the burning bush … as if to say that Moses saw one who is invisible, but to a fixed habit of spiritual perception. … From the pastoral perspective of the writer, the firmly entrenched habit of Moses in keeping God continually in view establishes a standard for imitation by the community in its experience of fear and governmental oppression” (Hebrews 9—13, p. 376).

“Looking to the reward” in verse 26 corresponds to “seeing him who is unseen” in verse 27. He had, by faith, burned the bridges in his mind (by “the assurance of things hoped for”), and then, by faith, he burned them in his flight (by “the conviction of things unseen”).

Now remember, Moses left Egypt after having protected a fellow Israelite from an Egyptian taskmaster. I can imagine that in some sense he envisioned himself as a liberator, which God would eventually confirm. But this is not the time, and possibly not the way in which God wanted Moses to liberate Israel.

Maybe this let the air out of his balloon and he sulked a bit upon leaving Egypt. He may have thought of himself as a failure. If he had the gift of foresight, he could have realized that this was merely a speed bump in God’s plan for him, that there was more preparation to do on Mose’s character before God would use him mightily.

Doesn’t that seem to be the way when God wants to use a man mightily? Joseph, Moses, David, Paul all spent years waiting for God to promote them to their divinely appointed task. God uses everything we go through to teach us and equip us. Every humbling and exhausting experience either prepares us for the next humbling and exhausting experience or prepares us for a mountaintop experience where we appreciate God’s sovereignty in a whole new way.

The last of the ten plagues that secured Israel’s exodus from Egypt was the destruction of all the male firstborn of both man and beast (cf. Exodus 12:12). But God provided a way of escape for his people. God told them through Moses to slaughter a lamb, take some hyssop and dip it in the lamb’s blood, and daub the blood on the top and sides of the doorways of their homes. Homes so anointed would be under God’s protection, and the destroyer would not be permitted to enter (cf. Exodus 12:21–23). Thus, our text reads, “By faith he kept the Passover and sprinkled the blood, so that the Destroyer of the firstborn might not touch them” (11:28).

Moses had just endured the wrath of Pharoah by faith, now by faith he must lead the nation in escaping the wrath of God.

The point is that Moses and Israel so believed God that they obeyed God to the letter. As Raymond Brown notes:

The instructions were strange, the demands costly (a lamb without blemish) and the ritual unprecedented, but they did precisely as they were told. In simple faith they kept the Passover. They relied on the God who had spoken to them through his servant: “Then the people of Israel went and did so; as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did” (Exodus 12:1–3, 28).

Obedience is an act of faith. Abel obeyed, Abraham obeyed, each of these men and women obeyed God because they trusted Him and His Word.

But what is even more remarkable is that the phrase “by faith he kept the Passover” actually means that he instituted the Passover (perfect tense). Moses actually instituted the Passover “as a statute forever” to be done year after year (Exodus 12:14)—which means that Moses never doubted in the least that the people would be delivered from Egypt! He had nothing to go on but God’s word, but he believed it implicitly. Moses’ strong faith liberated Israel!

Moses told Israel…

21 Then Moses called all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and select lambs for yourselves according to your clans, and kill the Passover lamb. 22 Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning. 23 For the LORD will pass through to strike the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you. 24 You shall observe this rite as a statute for you and for your sons forever. 25 And when you come to the land that the LORD will give you, as he has promised, you shall keep this service. 26 And when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27 you shall say, ‘It is the sacrifice of the LORD’s Passover, for he passed over the houses of the people of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians but spared our houses.'” And the people bowed their heads and worshiped. 28 Then the people of Israel went and did so; as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

Israel did not celebrate Passover every year, but Moses instituted it in faith that God would not only deliver their lives on that night, but also bring the nation out of enslavement to Egypt. Notice the emphasis in Exodus 12:28, “then the people of Israel went and did so; as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.” They obeyed God by faith, believing that they would be delivered from the destroying angel if they obeyed.

Those who did not believe, and therefore did not obey by applying the blood of the sacrificed lamb around the doorpost, would be destroyed. They did not trust in the blood of the sacrificed lamb. We read about that in Exodus 12:29-30, “At midnight the LORD struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock. And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. And there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where someone was not dead.”

Of course, this should remind us how important it is that we trust in the blood of the Lamb that was slain in our behalf on the cross. The New Testament is clear that Christ is our Passover Lamb who was slain (1 Cor. 5:7). John the Baptist proclaimed to his disciples, upon seeing Jesus, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world” (John 1:29). Peter tells us “And if you call on him as Father who judges impartially according to each one’s deeds, conduct yourselves with fear throughout the time of your exile, knowing that you were ransomed from the futile ways inherited from your forefathers, not with perishable things such as silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot. He was foreknown before the foundation of the world but was made manifest in the last times for the sake of you who through him are believers in God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God” (1 Peter 1:17-21) Only a Lamb without sin is able to take away our sin.

R. C. Sproul notes:

[Jesus] made satisfaction for our debt, our enmity with God, and our guilt. He satisfied the ransom demand for our release from captivity to sin. However, there is another significant word that is often used in descriptions of the atonement: substitution. When we look at the biblical depiction of sin as a crime, we see that Jesus acts as the Substitute, taking our place at the bar of God’s justice. For this reason, we sometimes speak of Jesus’ work on the cross as the substitutionary atonement of Christ, which means that when He offered an atonement, it was not to satisfy God’s justice for His own sins, but for the sins of others. He stepped into the role of the Substitute, representing His people. He didn’t lay down His life for Himself; He laid it down for His sheep. He is our ultimate Substitute.

The idea of being the Substitute in offering an atonement to satisfy the demands of God’s law for others was something Christ understood as His mission from the moment He entered this world and took upon Himself a human nature. He came from heaven as the gift of the Father for the express purpose of working out redemption as our Substitute, doing for us what we could not possibly do for ourselves. (https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/jesus-our-substitute)

I want to close this lesson with a story about Adoniram Judson the very first American Protestant missionary to renounce and walk away from his life in America . . . he would give away everything to spend his life in the land of Burma, just north of Thailand. Before he embarked on his journey, he had fallen in love with wealthy young lady who also loved Christ, as did her parents. So he wrote a letter to her father, and this is what he said…

“I have now to ask, whether you can consent to part with your daughter early next spring, to see her no more in this world; whether you can consent to her departure for a heathen land, and her subjection to the hardships and sufferings of a missionary life; whether you can consent to her exposure to the dangers of the ocean; to the fatal influences of the southern climate of India; to every kind of want and distress; to degradation, insult, persecution and perhaps a violent death. Can you consent to all this, for the sake of Him who left his heavenly home, and died for her and for you – for the sake of perishing immortal souls – for the sake of heaven and the glory of God. Can you consent to all this, in the [promise of] meeting your daughter in the world of glory with a crown of righteousness, brightened by the acclamations of heathen now saved, through her means, who will there be praising her Savior? / Jesse Clement, The Life of Rev. Adoniram Judson (Reprints from the collection of the University of Michigan Library), p. 25.

That is the kind of faith that Moses expressed, and we can too!

Faith Values the Greater Reward from God, part 3 (Hebrews 11:23-28)

We are talking about the faith of Moses, a faith that allowed him to give up a position of privilege and power, where he could have every pleasure and treasure his heart desired, opting instead for the yet unseen, but definitely real, “greater wealth” of the heavenly reward. Like the patriarchs before him, he didn’t experience the greater treasures and pleasures in this life, but in the life to come, in the heavenly city (Heb. 11:13-16).

So turn with me again to Hebrews 11:24-28…

24 By faith Moses, when he was grown up, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter, 25 choosing rather to be mistreated with the people of God than to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of sin. 26 He considered the reproach of Christ greater wealth than the treasures of Egypt, for he was looking to the reward. 27 By faith he left Egypt, not being afraid of the anger of the king, for he endured as seeing him who is invisible. 28 By faith he kept the Passover and sprinkled the blood, so that the Destroyer of the firstborn might not touch them.

We noticed last week Mose’s negative choice of “refusing to be called the son of Pharoah’s daughter.” Today we will talk about his positive choice in verse 25, “choosing rather to be mistreated with the people of God than to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of sin.”

By the way, this was a permanent decision. Warren Wiersbe tells the story about the mayor of a large American city who moved into a dangerous and decayed housing project to demonstrate the problems and needs of the minorities. But she also kept her fashionable apartment and eventually moved out of the slum. He concludes, “We commend her for her courage, but we have to admire Moses even more. He left the palace and never went back” (The Wiersbe Bible Commentary: New Testament, p. 836)

So Moses chose to be mistreated rather than enjoy the pleasures of sin.

Let’s see, pain or pleasure, which shall I choose? Few of us would willingly choose pain over pleasure, but Moses did. Moses chose the pain of mistreatment rather than the pleasures of sin.

Ultimately Moses’ potential sin, had he chosen these “fleeting pleasures” would have been to abandon his faith in God as he became more and more immersed in the mindset of godless Egypt, much like Solomon’s heart was turned aside from God because of his pagan wives. There was constant exposure and then pressure there to engage with the world’s system and pleasures, which could have turned his heart against the God of his fathers.

Moses knew that to go God’s way meant persecution and pain “with the people of God.” It is fascinating that in the next verse our author shows that Moses thought of this as “the reproach of Christ.” Somehow he connected his own sufferings to the sufferings that Jesus Christ would experience in his humiliation. Maybe this was an unconscious connection on his part but the author shows that it is a real connection that any saint has with Jesus Christ when we suffer for his sake. It is very similar to what Paul talked about in Philippians 3 when he says, “that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death…” (Phil. 3:10).

Paul wanted to know Christ, not just intellectually, but experientially. Because Christ was no longer alive and walking about on earth Paul didn’t have that firsthand interaction with Jesus. Nevertheless, Paul had experienced and wanted to experience more, “the power of his resurrection,” but Paul knew that to experience resurrection he had to go through death, so he longed, strangely enough to our ears, to “share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death.”

Paul Miller discusses this fascinating idea in his book J-Curve. The J-Curve is Jesus dying and rising. Of course, positionally we die to sin and rise to God (Rom. 6) because we are united to Jesus by faith. Also, we will one day die physically and ultimately we will rise physically.

But Paul Miller also shows that we can experience the J-Curve through suffering, repentance and love. In suffering, we die to something. It can be our health, a marriage, a loss of a loved one. But if we perceive it as suffering “with Christ,” it turns what is wholly negative into something positive (an experience of deep fellowship and ultimately resurrection). So see your suffering as “with Christ,” as engaging in His sufferings, and then expect and look for mini-resurrections.

The J-Curve also happens through repentance. Here the evil is not outside us, perpetrated against us, but inside us. We acknowledge that something needs to die, some sinful desire that we have, but when we give up that sin and experience fellowship with Jesus, we will experience the resurrection of joy and holiness and love.

Love is another J-Curve. In this case we die to ourselves, our agenda, our pleasures, so that we can meet the needs of someone else. We “put to death” some desire we have for our own pleasure, so that we can meet the needs or desires of someone else. The result? That relationship gets better and better!

This is what Moses was doing. He didn’t know Jesus fully yet, but He knew God well enough to know that if he gave up the “fleeting pleasures” of sin for His sake, then something immensely more satisfying would be his in the future.

Disgrace suffered for Christ’s sake Moses valued as priceless honor. Yes, Moses knew about Christ. He himself said so in Dt 18:15 when he urged Israel to look for and listen to that greater Prophet who was coming. Jesus also said so when he told the Pharisees in Jn 5:46, “Moses wrote about me” with the eye of faith Moses saw the coming Christ and identified with him by joining his people. (Richard E. Lauersdorf, The People’s Bible: Hebrews, 143)

Notice how Moses viewed these pleasures, and it may shock us into realizing how we need to view our own worldly pleasures. First of all, they are the “pleasures of sin” that we “enjoy.” We sin because we enjoy it. We sin because it is a pleasure. So let’s not deny that sin can be a pleasure. That is the only way Satan can tempt us. If it were a pain, we would avoid it. If we got shocked every time we sinned, we would stop sinning.

But again, a shock is like Ulysses being tied to the mast. It may stop us from sinning, but we still want to, we still long to. We would just seek ways to get what we want without being shocked, like the addict who hides his addiction so that no one can see him and rebuke him.

John Piper recognizes the danger in the pleasures of sin, saying, “The greatest adversary of love to God is not his enemies but his gifts. And the most deadly appetites are not for the poison of evil, but for the simple pleasures of earth. For when these replace an appetite for God himself, the idolatry is scarcely recognizable, and almost incurable. (John Piper, A Hunger for God: Desiring God Through Fasting and Prayer, 14)

Disobeying had many attractions. Among other things, it would have been a lot easier and a lot more enjoyable in the short run. It is hard enough to stop seeking worldly things. It is even harder to give them up once we have them, and Moses had a great many of them by the time he was forty. We have no reason to believe that he was ever involved in any immoral practices, but he enjoyed the pleasures of an extremely comfortable life. He had the best food, the best living quarters, the best recreation, the best of everything that his age could provide. These were not sins in themselves. Joseph had enjoyed the same pleasures in the same place, while being perfectly obedient to God. But they would have been sin for Moses, had he decided to stay in the Egyptian court, and he forsook them for the sake of God’s call. (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 352)

Second, notice that these pleasures are “fleeting,” or some versions say “passing.” They are temporary. They don’t last. You’ve experienced that. You gave yourself to some illicit pleasure when you were all alone in the dark and it felt good…for a moment, for a brief moment. Then, if you are fortunate, you began to feel guilty. This is not the repressed conscience bequeathed to us by the Puritans, but rather is the precious gift of God.

The point is, Moses knew that these pleasures were real pleasures that could be enjoyed, but that they were also “fleeting.” God’s reward is permanent, not passing; it is forever, not fleeting.

Remember that next time you are tempted. Remind yourself: “I’ll feel good for a moment or two, but it won’t last.” Then tell yourself that God’s way offers a better, more lasting reward.

As a family member in Pharaoh’s court, Moses enjoyed whatever pleasures anyone could seek. He lived in luxury (picture the splendor of King Tut’s tomb!). He ate the best food available. He dressed in the finest clothes. He could have any Egyptian beauty his heart desired.

Yet because he believed in a better reward—pleasures and treasures that were bigger and better than anything Egypt (or the whole world) could offer—he said “no.” He chose rather to become an object of scorn and contempt along with the people of God.

Why? Because by faith he believed in a better reward awaiting him. Why would a man knowingly choose such suffering? Was he a masochist? Was he insane? No, actually he was quite shrewd. Like the man who sold everything he had to buy the pearl of great price (Matt. 13:45-46), Moses gained something better.

The “treasures of Egypt” were something that many coveted. Discoveries such as the tomb of King Tutankhamen, who lived only a hundred or so years after Moses, have shown us how vastly rich Egypt was at its peak. Moses had access to a great deal of wealth, and likely had much in his own possession. He had all the things the world holds dear. He must have been strongly tempted to hold on to them; but he did not. (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 353)

Moses shows us that men are known by their choices. We make our choices and then our choices make us. John MacArthur says, “Christian living involves making right decisions. You can note the maturity of a Christian by the decisions he makes. Holiness is making right decisions, carnality is making wrong ones. Our Christian living rises or falls in maturity and holiness on the basis of the decisions we make. When Satan tempts us, we decide either to say yes or no. When we have opportunity to witness, we either take advantage of it or we do not. We decide whether or not to take time to read the Bible and to pray. It is not a matter of having time but of taking time, and taking time requires a decision. In business we often have to choose between making more money and being honest and ethical, or between getting ahead and giving enough time to our families and to the Lord’s work. Virtually everything we do involves a decision” (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 346). He goes on to say, “Right choices are made on the basis of right faith. Often we cannot see the consequences of our choices. Satan tries to make his way seem attractive and good and God’s way seem hard and unenjoyable. When we know God’s will in a matter, we choose it by faith. We know it is the right choice because it is God’s will, even before we see the results. God’s will is the only reason we need. When we choose God’s way, we put up the shield of faith, and the temptations and allurements of Satan are deflected (Eph 6:16). . . . The opposite of choosing God’s way is always Satan’s way, and not believing God is believing Satan. Whenever we sin, we believe Satan; we believe that his way is better than God’s. We believe the father of lies above the Father of truth” (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 347)

From the worldly standpoint, he was sacrificing everything for nothing. But from the spiritual standpoint, he was sacrificing nothing for everything. (John MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur NT Commentary: Hebrews, 350). Or, as Jim Eliot said, the missionary martyred by the Waorani Indians of Ecuador in 1954, “He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose.”

God has designed this Christian life so that we would be motivated by rewards. The emphasis in the Epistle to the Hebrews is: ‘Don’t live for what the world will promise you today! Live for what God has promised you in the future!

People at Grace Bible Church have heard me quote this statement from C. S. Lewis often:

If there lurks in most modern minds the notion that to desire our own good and earnestly to hope for the enjoyment of it is a bad thing, I submit that this notion has crept in from Kant and the Stoics and is no part of the Christian faith. Indeed, if we consider the unblushing promises of reward and the staggering nature of the rewards promised in the Gospels, it would seem that Our Lord finds our desires, not too strong, but too weak. We are half-hearted creatures, fooling about with drink and sex and ambition when infinite joy is offered us, like an ignorant child who wants to go on making mud pies in a slum because he cannot imagine what is meant by the offer of a holiday at the sea. We are far too easily pleased.

We must not be troubled by unbelievers when they say that this promise of reward makes the Christian life a mercenary affair. There are different kinds of reward. There is the reward which has no natural connection with the things you do to earn it, and is quite foreign to the desires that ought to accompany those things. Money is not the natural reward of love; that is why we call a man mercenary if he marries a woman for the sake of her money. But marriage is the proper reward for a real lover, and he is not mercenary for desiring it. A general who fights well in order to get a peerage is mercenary; a general who fights for victory is not, victory being the proper reward of battle as marriage is the proper reward of love. The proper rewards are not simply tacked on to the activity for which they are given, but are the activity itself in consummation. (C. S. Lewis; THE WEIGHT OF GLORY; Preached originally as a sermon in the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford ‘, on June 8, 1941)

Moses knew that all the pleasures of Egyptian nobility would last only a short season, if he became ruler of Egypt himself. But the reward of God, on the other hand, he believed to be eternal. So it was a matter of trading the temporary for the eternal. To him, the shame of being identified with the coming Messiah (Christ), was greater wealth than all the treasures of Egypt.

What were some of the blessings that Moses traded the “treasures of Egypt” and the “pleasures of sin” for? Well, first of all, the company of God’s people. Moses chose “to be mistreated with the people of God.” Admittedly, they were not much to look at. At the moment they were sweaty, dirty, poor slaves. Certainly not the “in” crowd. Later, these would be the very people that would give him a lot of trouble, grumbling about the conditions that he led them into. Some would challenge his leadership. Eventually their grumbling frustrated Moses so much that he sinned by striking the rock in anger, so that the Lord kept him from entering the promised land. But in spite of all the problems he experienced with them, they were “people of God.” Moses saw it as a far greater blessing to endure ill-treatment with them than to live in the worldly, superficial society of Pharaoh’s court.

Sometimes the “people of God” are not easy to live with, but Christian community really is a blessing. Dietrich Bonhoeffer wrote in his little book Life Together, written during the early days of the Nazi regime in Germany: “It is by the grace of God that a congregation is permitted to gather visibly in this world to share God’s Word and sacrament. Not all Christians receive this blessing. The imprisoned, the sick, the scattered lonely, the proclaimers of the Gospel in heathen lands stand alone. They know that visible fellowship is a blessing. They remember, as the Psalmist did, how they went ‘with the multitude . . . to the house of God, with the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude that kept holyday’ (Ps. 42:4). Let him, who until now has had the privilege of living in common Christian life with other Christians praise God’s grace from the bottom of his heart. Let him thank God on his knees and declare: it is grace, nothing but grace, that we’re allowed to live in Christian community with Christian brethren.”

Second, as we’ve already mentioned, Moses participated in “the reproach of Christ.” He was able to experience, through his reproach, the reproach of Christ; through his sufferings, the sufferings of Christ. It allowed him to rejoice in a deeper experience of Jesus Christ.

Finally, he would gain eternal reward in heaven. Like the patriarchs, Moses looked ahead, looked to eternity. The reward that he looked for was, “the better country, that is, a heavenly one” (11:16). When Moses appeared on the Mount of Transfiguration with Elijah and Jesus, it was his first time to set foot in the promised land. But I have a hunch that he was thinking, “OK, this is nice, really, but when you do think we could get back to heaven?”

And he did it all by faith. He made these choices because he believed in God’s promises of something better ahead.