Author: Lamar Austin

“The handwriting on the wall” has come into the English language as an idiom that means there are clear signs or indications that something bad or difficult is about to happen.  It is an ominous warning.  It is a signal that should provide us a warning not to continue on the path we are traveling.

Tim Challies, Canadian blogger, writes: “It seems that it was first used as an English idiom beginning in the eighteenth century. In 1720 we find Jonathan Swift writing: “A baited Banker thus desponds, / From his own Hand foresees his Fall; / They have his Soul who have his Bonds; / ‘Tis like the Writing on the Wall.”  Since that time it has come into common use, though most people have little knowledge of its origins.  A search of just one week’s news stories turns up hundreds of uses.

Daniel chapter 5 tells the story of the humbling of Belshazzar and the final defeat of Babylon.  At a great feast, King Belshazzar commands that the temple vessels—which had been taken from Jerusalem in successive deportations—be used for wine and the praise of pagan gods (5:1-4).  In response to this act, a hand appears at the feast and writes on the palace wall (v. 5), but none of the king’s men can decipher the message (vv. 7-8).  The queen suggests Daniel as the most likely interpreter (vv. 10-12), and when he arrives, he rebukes Belshazzar for not heeding the lesson about humility that Nebuchadnezzar had learned (vv. 20-22).  The writing on the wall is a message of judgment against Belshazzar and the Babylonian kingdom (vv. 24-28).

In this chapter we learn things about the nature of God and what our response to him should be, whether we are a prince or a pauper. Since God is a God of justice, we must humble ourselves before him.

Once again, the chapter forms a chiasm.  That is, it is organized literarily like the Greek letter chi, which is formed like our letter “x.”

Daniel 5 begins and ends with Belshazzar.  The opening verse reports a great feast (1), and the final verses report the king’s death (1′).  The intervening sections explain why Belshazzar does not survive the night of the banquet.  On two occasions in the story, he gives explicit commands, one for the temple vessels to be brought to the banquet (2) and the other for Daniel to be rewarded for his help (2′).

The drama picks up the pace once a hand appears and writes a message on the palace wall (3). In the literary arrangement of the chapter, the matching section (3′) records the interpretation of the cryptic writing. The wise men cannot discern the meaning (4) while Daniel can (4′). The verses in 4 are framed by an inclusio, for verses 6 and 9 both speak of the king’s alarm and change of color.  In the center of the chiastic structure is the queen’s glowing endorsement of Daniel’s abilities (5).  These are her only words in the story—and in the book as a whole—and their location in the narrative indicates their importance.

Daniel 5 is the final chapter of the narratives involving Babylon.  (The events of chapter 6 take place under Medo-Persian rule.)  In these chapters, only chapter 5 features a Babylonian king other than Nebuchadnezzar.  However, the connection between the two kings in chapters 4-5 is evident—these two chapters are the center of the Aramaic chiasm (chs. 2-7) and each narrates God’s judgment on a Babylonian king:  chapter 4 is the judgment of proud king Nebuchadnezzar and chapter 5 is the judgment of proud king Belshazzar.  Obviously, pride is “an abomination” to God (Prov. 6:16).  Everyone who is arrogant in heart is an abomination to the Lord; be assured, he will not go unpunished.

Nebuchadnezzar learned from his humiliating experience (Daneil 4).  In the case of Belshazzar, king of Babylon, the humbling he should have learned from was not his own but that of his (grand)father, Nebuchadnezzar.  But he did not.  Instead, he would have to learn his lesson the hard way, through personal humiliation.

This story transpired many years after the events of chapter four.  Nebuchadnezzar had died in 562 B. C., after forty-three years of reign, which included his seven years of insanity.

In the 40-plus-year period between chapters 4 and 5, Daniel received additional revelation as recorded in chapters 7 (the sequence of Gentile kingdoms represented as rapacious beasts) and 8 (the identities of the 2^nd and 3^rd kingdoms as Medo-Persian and Greece).

Besides revelation God had provided directly to Daniel, he was an avid student of Scripture and studied the writings of the contemporary prophet Jeremiah (Dan. 9:1). In addition, Daniel was undoubtedly acquainted with the predictions concerning Babylon and Medo-Persia made by other prophets such as Ezekiel and Isaiah.

As this chapter opens, Daniel, as a student of Jeremiah’s prophecies, would have already known:

• The kingdom of Medo-Persia would overthrow Babylon (Isa. 13:1, 17; 21:2, 9; 45:1; Jer. 50:9; Jer. 51:11, 28-31; Dan. 2:32, 39; 7:5; 8:3-8, 20-21.
• Cyrus would initiate the Jew’s release from Babylon and the temple’s reconstruction in Jerusalem (Isa. 44:27-28; 45:1-5).  This, in turn, implies Cyrus would gain ascendancy over Babylon—the nation holding the Jews captive.
• The overthrow of Babylon would enable Jews to return to Israel (Jer. 50:4-5, 8, 19, 28; 51:45).
• The reign of Babylon would end with Nebuchadnezzar’s grandson (Jer. 27:6-7).
• The seventy years of servitude were nearing fulfillment (Jer. 25:11-12; 29:10).

“Daniel believed God.  He took God’s Word at face value.  No mystical, allegorical, theoretical interpretation of the Scriptures for him!  His method was down-to-earth, literal interpretation.  So Daniel took Jeremiah’s prophecies at face value and he staked his life on them.  No wonder he was so bold to speak up to the evil Belshazzar!  He knew that Babylon’s day was done and that the city was doomed.  The handwriting on the wall only ratified what he had known for a long time.”

Our chapter opens with Belshazzar throwing a grand party.

King Belshazzar made a great feast for a thousand of his lords and drank wine in front of the thousand. (Dan. 5:1)

As Nero is said to have fiddled while Rome burned, so Belshazzar feasted while Babylon fell.

Life in the magnificent city of Babylon, with its Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, seemed normal on the night of October 12, 539 B.C.  Just over a decade earlier, Cyrus the Great had conquered the Medes and formed the mighty Medo-Persian army, and now he leads his army to the doorstep of the Babylonians.  But on the city’s agenda this night was a huge party thrown by the new kid on the block, the Babylonian king, Belshazzar.  The party was likely thrown in honor of the god Bel.  After all, that is who Belshazzar was named after.

King Belshazzar made a great feast for a thousand of his lords and drank wine in front of the thousand. (Dan. 5:1)

Belshazzar, successor to Nebuchadnezzar, threw a “great feast” for a thousand lords, feasting and drinking before them.  In the days of Esther, the Persian emperor Xerxes threw a big enough party, indeed (Esther 1:1-12), but the feast conjured by Belshazzar was greater far.

Doing these deeds “in front of” the crowds illustrate both his high privilege and also his arrogance.  If he was concerned about building morale, he would have wanted to have a maximum number of people present.  “Oriental despots took great pleasure,” says Warren Wiersbe, “in hosting great banquets and displaying their wealth and splendor (see Esther 1)” (The Wiersbe Bible Commentary:  Old Testament, p. 1361).

He goes on to say: “This feast was a microcosm of the world system and focused on ‘the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life’ (1 John 2:16).  ‘What shall we eat?’ and ‘What shall we drink?’ are the questions most people want answered as they go through life (Matt. 6:25-34), and they’re willing to follow anybody who will entertain and gratify their appetites” (Warren Wiersbe, The Wiersbe Bible Commentary:  Old Testament, p. 1361).

Just like in Daniel 4 God determined to humble another proud Babylonian king, so here the Most High takes the initiative to humble King Belshazzar.  How will we respond when we are confronted, unsettled, and accosted, in the moments when our semblances of control vanish and we’re taken off guard by life in a fallen world?  Will we repent like Nebuchadnezzar, or will we stubbornly proceed on our way or ignore God’s warnings by indulging in our own pleasures?

Now, for some time, there was doubt that a person named “Belshazzar” actually existed in history.  For centuries there was no independent archaeological evidence for the existence of any king of Babylon named Belshazzar.

Two things we must always remember concerning archaeological evidence for the Bible.  First, there is a massive amount of archaeological evidence already that does prove that the Bible is a historical, factual record.  Second, there has never, ever been any archaeological discovery that contradicted the Bible in any way.  Having said that, it is true that not every detail of the Bible has been independently proven yet.  But remember that “absence of evidence does not mean evidence of absence.”

In this case we do have evidence that Belshazzar actually existed!  In 1854 the Nebonidus Cylinder was discovered by Sir Austen Henry Layard and is now displayed in the British museum.

https://ferrelljenkins.blog/2012/02/12/

According to Ferrell Jenkins, several kings had ruled Babylon since the days of Nebuchadnezzar, none for very long.

Evil-Merodach (562-560 B.C., just two years) was assassinated by Nergal-Sharezer, who ruled as king of Babylon for four years. Nothing about his reign is recorded in the Bible, but he is mentioned in Jeremiah 39:3 and 13 from the time of the destruction of Jerusalem (587 B.C.).  At that time he served as one of the officials of Nebuchadnezzar.

After four years on the throne, Nergal-Sharezer was followed by his son, Labaši-Marduk, who ruled only 9 months.

Nabonidus, who is not named in the Bible, then came to the throne in 556 B.C.  According to Wiseman the king,

… campaigned in Syria and N. Arabia, where he lived at Tema for 10 years while his son BELSHAZZAR acted as co-regent in Babylon.  About 544 his people and the kings of Arabia, Egypt and the Medes being favourably disposed, Nabonidus returned to his capital…, but by this time the country was weak and divided. (New Bible Dictionary (3rd ed.), 115).

Fant & Reddish provide this translation of the relevant portion of the Nabonidus Chronicle:

“As for me, Nabonidus, king of Babylon, save me from sinning against your great godhead and grant me as a present a life of long days, and as for Belshazzar, the eldest son my offspring, instill reverence for your great godhead (in) his heart and may he not commit any cultic mistake, may he be sated with a life of plenitude” (Lost Treasures of the Bible, 233).

Nabonidus seems to be concerned that his son was irreligious (although Nabonidus was no better).  Ironically, he prays to his god that Belshazzar would “be sated with a life of plentitude.”  This was exactly his problem on this fateful night: indulging in an orgy of plentitude, satiating himself with wine and women.

Nabonidus and Belshazzar, father and son, thus functioned as co-regents, Belshazzar ruling in Babylon and Nabonidus in Tema.  According to one account, Nabonidus “entrusted the kingship” to Belshazzar. — BAR 11:03 (May/June 1985).

Apparently Belshazzar was a “godless” young man, giving reverence to no one.  His name probably meant, “May Bel protect the king,” but Belshazzar doesn’t seem to have been very religious.  He was out to have a good time, making his desires preeminent.  His own drive for pleasure was his god, his idol.

By the way, three factors indicate that this book was written by a contemporary to this scene.

First, the idea that Belshazzar was in charge of Babylon at this time was lost by the Maccabean era.  “Shea comments that if the book had been written in the second century [as some liberal scholars believe], the name ‘Nabonidus’ probably would have been inserted rather than the then-forgotten ‘Belshazzar.’  How did the author come to possess such exact knowledge?  The most logical explanation is that Daniel 5 contains a firsthand report by one who lived through the events” (Stephen R. Miller, Daniel in E. Ray Clendenen, Kenneth A. Mathews, and David S. Dockery, eds., The New American Commentary, p. 150)

Second, the offered reward of becoming “third ruler in the kingdom (Dan. 5:8) posed a difficulty not understood in the Maccabean era down to the modern era.  The Nabonidus Chronicle indicates the option of a co-regency, which would mean that the “third ruler in the kingdom” was the highest ranking that Belshazzar could offer to anyone, for he was “second ruler.”

Third, it also explains the absence of Nabonidus from Babylon.  Daniel locates Belshazzar there and implies that Nabonidus was absent from the palace or city at that time, by not mentioning him. The Nabonidus Chronicle confirms this implication by noting that Nabonidus had fled from Sippar just two days earlier and had not yet returned to Babylon by the time it fell to the Persians.

Some would also argue that Daniel was mistaken in titling Belshazzar as “king” of Babylon.  But as Nabonidus’ eldest son, Belshazzar was appointed coregent and directed the affairs of the city of Babylon in his father’s ten-year absence.

Since Belshazzar was second in the kingdom, serving as a co-regent along with his absent father, he could offer Daniel nothing greater than “third ruler in the kingdom.”

Even though Belshazzar is not literally Nebuchadnezzar’s direct son, he is as arrogant and pompous as Nebuchadnezzar.  In the ancient languages, the term “son” was a very elastic term extending several generations.  We will deal with this issue in more depth in the coming weeks.

The first thirty-three verses of Daniel 4 illustrate that God resists the proud, but these last four verses demonstrate that He also gives grace to the humble.

Do you like getting humiliated?  Chuck Colson tells how he climbed the ladder of power and prestige to become the Special Counsel to the President of the United States of America.  He was filled with pride as he walked in and out of the office of the most powerful man in the world any time he wanted.  That most powerful man was seeking advice from him, and Colson’s heart swelled with pride.

That was when he became involved in the Watergate affair of the Nixon administration.  John Dean blew the whistle in 1973, and Colson soon found himself a convicted criminal doing time in a federal penitentiary.  He was so humiliated that he lifted up his eyes to the King of Heaven and gave his heart to Jesus Christ.  (He was, in fact, reading Lewis’ Mere Christianity and his chapter on pride).  He still admits that the worst, most humiliating experience in his life was the best thing that ever happened to him.

In Luke 18:14 Jesus says, “Everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted.”

Nebuchadnezzar’s pride was stripped away along with all his achievements, until he came to recognize that whatever he possessed or achieved before was a gracious gift from God, who is able to exalt the lowliest of men to heights of power or bring down the mightiest of men to depths of humiliation.

Nebuchadnezzar once again picks up the storyline and speaks in the first person (cf. Dan. 4:1-3).  While a narrator recounted the details of his fall, Nebuchadnezzar wanted everyone to hear his repentance from his own mouth.

34 At the end of the days I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted my eyes to heaven, and my reason returned to me, [and what did Nebuchadnezzar do, he…] and I blessed the Most High, and praised and honored him who lives forever,

Before, “I built all this…” Now, “I bow before the real King.”  We can summarize these verses:

He looked up—lifted his eyes to heaven.

He woke up—sanity restored.

He spoke up—praised the Most High.

Just as suddenly as judgment had fallen upon him, it was lifted.  Mission accomplished.  His chains fell off.  He looked up and saw the heavens above.  “He has the use of his reason so far restored to him that with it he glorifies God, and humbles himself.  Men never rightly use their reason till they begin to be religious, nor live as men till they live to the glory of God” (Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, p. 1090).  His sanity was restored, and his soul burst into song.

for his dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom endures from generation to generation; 35 all the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing, and he does according to his will among the host of heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay his hand or say to him, “What have you done?”

God’s rule never ends, unlike any man’s, even Nebuchadnezzar’s.  He realizes that now.  Also, he sees that “he does according to his will…and one can stay his hand” or ask “What have you done?”  God is accountable to no one.  He is the true sovereign.

None can stay his hand.  It’s not even a good fight with him.  There’s no fight.  He is God. He does as he pleases.  He is sovereign.  God of gods.  Able to rescue as he chooses.  And his power and reign will not expire.  His kingdom is everlasting.  None can hold him back.  None can stay his hand.

This once-pagan king now openly declares the praises of God.  He has truly gotten the message. God can do anything he wants to do, and no one can stand against him.  Earthly kings rule by God’s permission and they stay on the throne only so long as it pleases God to give them power and authority.  Nebuchadnezzar has learned the truth the hard way.  Now he proclaims it for all the world to hear:  God has the right to do everything he wants and everything he wants is right to do.

Before, Nebuchadnezzar would have pointed back to some military victory or building exploit as he greatest moment, but from here forward he will always look back to this moment when God humbled him and he came to the full realization that God is God and not me.  That God can do what He wants because He is God.

Notice that Nebuchadnezzar’s reason returned to him when he took his eyes off of himself and off of his accomplishments that he had done, and turned his eyes “to heaven,” to God, “the Most High.”  Lifting one’s eyes to heaven suggests both faith and submission.  “To you I lift up my eyes, O you who are enthroned in the heavens!” (Psalm 123:1)  “Turn to me and be saved, all the ends of the earth!  For I am God, and there is no other” (Isa. 45:22).

This is what God was looking for in Nebuchadnezzar—repentance.  Now he would look to the true God in heaven and bow before Him instead of expecting everyone to bow before him as king of Babylon or his golden image.

By a miracle of grace his mind was suddenly healed and his reason returned.  He knew what had happened to him and remembered Daniel’s warning and prediction.  Overwhelmed by this demonstration of Yahweh’s limitless power, Nebuchadnezzar prostrated himself before the Ruler of heaven and earth.

This was an act of acknowledgement and an act of dependence and supplication, as well as worship.  It is likely that as his eyes were opened to perceive God Most High in heaven, that his reason was returned and his mouth was opened to acknowledge and worship the true God.

True humility is not looking on ourselves and believing ourselves as worthless.  It is to get our eyes off of ourselves entirely and to gaze upon the beauty and greatness of God Most High.  True humility acknowledges that everything I have, everything I’ve accomplished and all that I am is because of what God has graciously done for me.

Seven years before, the king had considered himself a great man and his kingdom a great kingdom, but now he has a different viewpoint, “all the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing,” and Nebuchadnezzar includes himself now, in that number.

Perhaps Daniel had previously quoted the prophet Isaiah to the king: “Behold, the nations are like a drop from a bucket, and are accounted as the dust on the scales” (Isa. 40:15), “It is he who sits above the circle of the earth, and its inhabitants are like grasshoppers (Isa. 40:22) and then “who brings princes to nothing, and makes the rulers of the earth as emptiness” (Isa. 40:23).

Even this terrible experience could be considered as God’s hand of gracious discipline upon Nebuchadnezzar, while yet an unbeliever!  Notice that a time limit was set upon it.  It wouldn’t be forever and by the end of it it was expected that the lesson would have been learned.  Also, there was a definite purpose in the ordeal, and that is that Nebuchadnezzar would learn “that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, [and] gives it to whomever He will.”

The sovereignty of God over the affairs of human beings is one of the great lessons we learn from this chapter.  Five times in our text that message is plainly declared:

• “the Most High rules the kingdom of men and gives it to whom he will and sets over it the lowliest of men” (Dan. 4:17).
• “the Most High rules the kingdom of men and gives it to whom he will” (Dan. 4:25).
• “your kingdom shall be confirmed for you from the time that you know that Heaven rules” (Dan. 4:26).
• “until you know that the Most High rules the kingdom of men and gives it to whom he will” (Dan. 4:32)
• “I blessed the Most High, and praised and honored him who lives forever, for his dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom endures from generation to generation” (Dan. 4:34).

This last verse is Nebuchdnezzar’s own recognition of that truth.

We are all called to bow before the sovereignty of God, but the heart of sinful man will always chafe and rebel at the very idea of a sovereign God, for the human heart wants to be “free” of all outside control and determine our own way.  Few sinners realize that they are not actually “free” but are in bondage to their fallen, fleshly nature and the forces of Satan (2 Timothy 2:26).  Charles Spurgeon was very balanced in his theology, writing:

“Most men quarrel with this [the sovereignty of God].  But mark, the thing that you complain of in God is the very thing that you love in yourself.  Every man likes to feel that he has a right to do with his own as he pleases.  Oh, for a spirit that bows always before the sovereignty of God” (Charles Spurgeon, The New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 4, p. 82)

The end result of it all is that Nebuchadnezzar’s humbling became an even greater occasion of exaltation because of his repentance.

36 At the same time my reason returned to me, and for the glory of my kingdom, my majesty and splendor returned to me.  My counselors and my lords sought me, and I was established in my kingdom, and still more greatness was added to me. 37 Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and extol and honor the King of heaven, for all his works are right and his ways are just; and those who walk in pride he is able to humble.

I don’t think Nebuchadnezzar felt embarrassed about his seven years of insanity.  If he had been, he wouldn’t have written the story down for the whole world to know.  You can know that you have made a spiritual breakthrough when you can tell your own story without feeling a need either to embellish or to cover up the negative aspects.  When all the glory goes to God for rescuing you from yourself and your own foolish choices.

God had truly taught Nebuchadnezzar by priceless experience that “all his works are right and his ways are just; and those who walk in pride he is able to humble.”  It was a painful experience, but a valuable one.  It was a lesson that every political leader must learn: God rules; we don’t.  God rules; I don’t.

No truth is more fundamental than the one Nebuchadnezzar discovered: He’s God and We’re Not.  This is where all true spiritual growth begins, bowing before the sovereignty of God.  As Ray Pritchard says, “Here is some good news.  If you are ready, you can rip that big G off your sweatshirt.  Since you aren’t God, you can stop playing God.”

The fear of the Lord was beginning to be formed in Nebuchadnezzar’s heart and God could trust him with “more greatness.”  The “head of gold” had bowed in humble submission to the God of Daniel (v. 37).  Can God trust you with greater greatness, or will it go to your head and make you proud?

Pride was the sin of Lucifer, who was enthroned in heaven on high as the anointed cherub, the most gifted and glorious of all of the angelic hosts.  Pride!  It was the sin of Eve—to Iisten to the serpent, mishandling God’s Word, and succumbing to the dangled delusion—‘Ye shall be gods.’  It was the sin of Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12:20-23).  It was the sin of sins.  It still is.  Let us beware!

At the end of the seven years not only was Nebuchadnezzar’s reason returned to him, but also the majesty and splendor of his kingdom.  His cabinet sought him out and restored him to his throne, with even more glory than before!

John Phillips reminds us how amazing this is: “The madness of Nebuchadnezzar ordinarily would have unleashed a power struggle, and the king’s life would be terminated as a triumphant conspirator seized the throne.  A mad emperor must have been an enormous liability to those who actually ran the everyday affairs of the empire.

Yet for seven years, the king was protected from the people who would have exploited his madness and would have seen in it sufficient cause to murder him and seize the reins of power for themselves.  The fact that the king’s condition was not exploited points to the Holy Spirit who, as the great Restrainer, sovereignly restrained all such intrigues.  God kept faith with the poor lunatic.

So the kingdom was returned to Nebuchadnezzar when his sanity was restored.  This restoration awed the king and caused him to acknowledge the works, ways, and wonders of God” (John Phillips, Exploring Daniel, p. 82).

This is Nebuchadnezzar’s own personal confession of faith in Israel’s God, and it is the last word we hear from his lips in the Bible.  This great and mighty persecutor of Israel, the destroyer of Jerusalem, has now been humbled by God’s grace and brought to confess His mercy.  If a person like Nebuchadnezzar can be humble and restored, then surely no one is beyond the reach of God’s mercy!

How different from Pharoah’s response to what the Lord did in Egypt!  Instead of bowing to God’s sovereignty and acknowledging His authority, Pharoah continued to rebel again and again against God’s will, saying, “But Pharaoh said, “Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice and let Israel go? I do not know the LORD, and moreover, I will not let Israel go” (Exodus 5:2).  As a result of his rebellion, he and his country were destroyed.

Mankind doesn’t think pride is such a big deal.  But pride idolizes self and God won’t share His glory with anyone.  In Isaiah 13:11 Yahweh says, “I will punish the world for its evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; I will put an end to the pomp of the arrogant, and lay low the pompous pride of the ruthless.”

“Will we see King Nebuchadnezzar in heaven?  That’s difficult to know.  He certainly had a life-changing experience with the merciful God.  But we can never know the true state of his heart.  Did he recognize the Lord as the one true God, or did he just shift Him to the top of his Top Ten Deities list, bumping himself down to number two?  There is coming a time when we’ll know for sure.  I, for one, hope to meet him one day in eternity” (Amir Tsarfati, Discovering Daniel, p. 95).

Matthew Henry adds: “It was not long after this that Nebuchadnezzar ended his life and reign, Abydenus, quoted by Eusebius (Preap. Evang. 1.9) reports that upon his deathbed he foretold the taking of Babylon by Cyrus.  Whether he continued to live in the same good mind that here he seems to have been in we are not told.  If our charity may reach so far as to hope he did, we must admire free grace, by which he lost his wits for a while, that he might save his soul for ever” (Commentary on the Whole Bible, p. 1090).

If you are God’s child (through believing in Jesus Christ alone), God will not allow you to live in sin forever.  God loves you far too much to allow you to go on in your sinful rebellion forever.  Sooner or later He will intervene, sometimes in ways both public and painful, so that He can bring us back home again.  Like the prodigal, you may have to wallow in the pig pen and despair of life, but hopefully it will stir your hunger for home, for God.

Before his humbling, Nebuchadnezzar was a proud pagan, but afterwards, he began to sound like a Puritan theologian, fully convinced of the sovereignty of God.  Our God reigns.

Our God reigns.  That is a monumental and paramount truth.  It is a reality that changes everything.  When you wake up in the morning, you do not wake up to a world that is void of purpose.  No, our God reigns.  When you go throughout your day, there are no accidental conversations or interactions.  Why?  Our God reigns.  When you go to bed at night after a day full of turmoil in seeing sin paraded in the country on the news, in hearing sin praised in your workspace, in knowing the sin that you’ve committed yourself, you do not go to bed to bed without hope… no, again, our God reigns.  (Henry Anderson)

We are in Daniel 4 and today we’re going to look at the second dream given to Nebuchadnezzar by God, the purpose of which was to help Nebuchadnezzar avoid the judgment that is the natural consequence of pride.  However, knowing that Nebuchadnezzar was not going to heed that warning, his downfall is predicted in the dream.  Here is the dream…

10 The visions of my head as I lay in bed were these: I saw, and behold, a tree in the midst of the earth, and its height was great. 11 The tree grew and became strong, and its top reached to heaven, and it was visible to the end of the whole earth. 12 Its leaves were beautiful and its fruit abundant, and in it was food for all. The beasts of the field found shade under it, and the birds of the heavens lived in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it.

Okay so far, right?

Oh, if only the dream could have ended there with “and they lived happily ever after.”  But there was a significant problem.  There was a sickness in the tree that could no longer be countenanced.  It was time for judgment.

David Jeremiah points out several positive characteristics of this tree:

• It is strategically located: “in the midst of the earth.”
• It is strong: “the tree grew and became strong.”
• It stretched to the heavens: “its top reached to heaven.”
• It was seen by the entire world: “visible to the end of the whole earth.”
• It was superbly productive: “its leaves were beautiful and its fruit abundant.”
• It supplied nourishment for everyone: “in it was food for all…all flesh was fed from it”
• It sheltered the animals: “the beasts of the field found shade under it.”
• It sustained the birds: “the birds of the heavens lived in its branches”

13 “I saw in the visions of my head as I lay in bed, and behold, a watcher, a holy one, came down from heaven. 14 He proclaimed aloud and said thus: ‘Chop down the tree and lop off its branches, strip off its leaves and scatter its fruit. Let the beasts flee from under it and the birds from its branches. 15 But leave the stump of its roots in the earth, bound with a band of iron and bronze, amid the tender grass of the field. Let him be wet with the dew of heaven. Let his portion be with the beasts in the grass of the earth. 16 Let his mind be changed from a man’s, and let a beast’s mind be given to him; and let seven periods of time pass over him. 17 The sentence is by the decree of the watchers, the decision by the word of the holy ones, to the end that the living may know that the Most High rules the kingdom of men and gives it to whom he will and sets over it the lowliest of men.’ 

Nebuchadnezzar is obviously troubled and needed Daniel to tell him what this dream meant.  Thus after commending Daniel, he says “tell me the visions of my dream that I saw and their interpretation” and then recounts the dream.

It involved a very large tree, which was obviously important due to its height and strength.  It was visible in “the whole earth.”  It benefited the animal kingdom by its beauty and the benefits of abundant food, shade and protection (a resting place for birds).

Porteous notes that Bentzen “refers to a building inscription of Nebuchadnezzar in which Babylon is compared to a spreading tree” (Norman W. Porteous, Daniel: A Commentary, p. 68).  Young states, “Among the commentators Haevernick particularly has illustrated the fondness with which the Orientals depicted the rise and fall of human power by means of the symbol of a tree” (Young, p. 101).

A lofty, pre-eminent, verdant, protective, fruitful, long-lived tree is a common symbol for the living, transcendent, life-giving, sustaining Cosmos or Reality or Deity itself. A sacred tree at the center of the earth symbolically links earth and heaven; a tree of life grows in God’s garden; world history can be symbolized as a tree (John Goldingay, Daniel, vol. 30, Word Biblical Commentary, p. 87).

It wasn’t uncommon in the Bible for a tree to be used for symbolic purposes (2 Kings 14:9; Psalm 1:3; 37:35; 52:8; 92:12; Ezekiel 17).

Nebuchadnezzar is like a tree reaching from earth to heaven (4:8, 17, 19 [11, 20, 22]) and protecting the birds, which themselves defy the separation between earth and heaven (4:9, 18 [12, 21]); yet he is subject to judgment from heaven (4:10, 20, 28 [13, 23, 31]). The heaven to which he reached will supply his humble needs as it supplies those of the rest of creation (4:12, 20, 22, 30 [15, 22, 25, 33]; 5:21). In the end he will need to look to heaven as the real source of help, rather than pretending to be self-sufficient, to acknowledge that heaven rules, and as a king on earth to worship the King of heaven who rules in heaven as on earth (4:23, 31, 32, 34 [26, 34, 35, 37]; cf. “Lord of heaven,” 5:23).  (John Goldingay, Daniel, vol. 30, Word Biblical Commentary, p. 89).

As Nebuchadnezzar observed the scene, an actor appears in the form of “a watcher and an holy one” who is described as coming “down from heaven.”  An angel came down from heaven and proclaimed, “Chop down the tree and lop off its branches, strip off its leaves and scatter its fruit.  Let the beasts flee from under it and the birds from its branches” (Dan. 4:13).  This was the troubling part of Nebuchadnezzar’s dream.  It was an immediately harsh, but ultimately hopeful, picture.

Our text calls this angel a “watchman.”  John Goldingay indicates: “An earthly king had watchmen, for instance, who were the eyes and ears whereby he controlled and provided for his realm (see n. 3:2.c).  The heavenly king governs his realm by similar means, members of the Council of Yahweh (1 Kgs 22:19–22; Job 1–2; Ps 89:6–8 [5–7]; Jer 23:18) who act as his eyes (2 Chr 16:9; Zech 4:10; cf. 1:9), keeping him informed on the affairs of his realm and seeing that his will is put into effect throughout it.  (Daniel, vol. 30, Word Biblical Commentary, p. 88).

Revelation 4:8 speaks of the four angelic creatures seen by John hovering around the throne of God, having “six wings [and] were full of eyes around and within.”  These angels are prepared to do his bidding, as David wrote:

Bless the LORD, O you his angels, you mighty ones who do his word, obeying the voice of his word!  Bless the LORD, all his hosts, his ministers, who do his will! (Psalm 103:20-21)

So this watcher is most likely an angel sent from God even though the word angel is not used.  The expressions “watchers” and “the holy ones” are mentioned in verse 17 by the messenger himself.  Nebuchadnezzar seems to use the term in its heathen connotation as he understood it.  He probably would not have understood what was meant by using the term angel in this connection, although he used angel himself in 3:28.

“This immense tree, beautiful in appearance, beneficial and generous to all that sought food and shelter, was destined for the axe.  Not only would it be taken to the ground, but its branches would be stripped and its fruit scattered.  There it would lie, exposed to the elements, helpless and worthless” (Amir Tsarfati, Discovering Daniel, p. 85).

The tree was not utterly destroyed, however.  There was a ray of hope that the tree would be revived later.  “The stump would not be ground down or cut to pieces.  It would remain, and with it, the root system below.  True, it would be bound with an band of iron and bronze so that it could not grow.  But there would still be life” (Amir Tsarfati, Discovering Daniel, p. 85).  Matthew Henry says, “God in judgment remembers mercy; and may yet have good things in store for those whose condition seems most forlorn” (Commentary on the Whole Bible, p. 1089).

“This is so typical of God’s punishments.  They can be harsh and devastating, because that is often what is needed to wake us up to our sin.  Yet if we look hard into the darkness of our struggle, we’ll see a flicker of light.  That is where mercy waits.  That is where we will find forgiveness, reconciliation, and, once again, joy” (Amir Tsarfati, Discovering Daniel, p. 85).

The stump is to be surrounded by the tender grass of the field, to be wet with the dew of heaven, and to have its portion with the beasts of the earth.  It seems evident that the description goes beyond the symbol of a stump to the actual fulfillment in Nebuchadnezzar’s experience.

Thus, the stump was personified as a person who would spend a period of time away from the comforts of the palace, living in the wild and acting like a wild animal.  But the transition in imagery from stump to person didn’t last long.  This news wasn’t good.  Nebuchadnezzar was about to lose his sanity and live in the wild like an animal.

This would be for a period of seven years (cf. LXX).  This was the decision of the Most High God.  Literally it is “seven times,” but as we will see in Daniel 7:25 and 12:7 (confirmed by Revelation 12:14), this refers to “seven years.”  It is certain that the period is specific and not more than seven years.

One wonders who had political power during this seven years when Nebuchadnezzar was away from the throne.  Wiersbe suggests that Daniel and the other officers managed the affairs of the kingdom.

God could have destroyed both this king and his kingdom, but He still had purposes to fulfill for His people and His prophet Daniel.

The dream concludes with a purpose statement:

“The sentence is by the decree of the watchers, the decision by the word of the holy ones, to the end that the living may know that the Most High rules the kingdom of men and gives it to whom he will and sets over it the lowliest of men.” (Daniel 4:17)

The purpose is that people living in the world may recognize the true God described as “the most High” and acknowledge Him as the true ruler of men, who has the power to place “the basest of men” over earthly kingdoms.  That God can set up in a position of power the lowliest of men is a common truth of Scripture (see 1 Sam. 2:7-8; Job 5:11; Psa. 113:7-8; Luke 1:52; and the story of Joseph).  This statement is a direct confrontation of Nebuchadnezzar’s pride in his own attainments and power.

Sinclair Ferguson has said, “The purpose of this dream and decree was not left to Nebuchadnezzar’s imagination.  It was to teach men that God reigns, that He sets up and pulls down kingdoms, that His action in history focuses on the work of humbling men in order that they may dispense with their foolish pride and acknowledge Him as their God.”

Every blessing in life, even Nebuchadnezzar’s position of power was a gift from God.  Nebuchadnezzar failed to realize that or refused to acknowledge that (Dan. 4:17, 25, 32; 1 Cor. 4:7), even though it was the truth.

The king could issue his decrees (2:13, 15; 3:10, 29; 6:7-10, 12-13, 15, 26), but it was the decrees from the throne of heaven that ruled events on earth (4:17, 24; 9:24-27).  “The Lord has established his throne in heaven, and his kingdom rules over all” (Psalm 103:19 NIV).    Psalm 33:10-11 states: “The Lord brings the counsel of the nations to nothing; he frustrates the plans of the peoples.  The counsel of the Lord stands forever, the plans of his heart to all generations.”  All rulers need to realize that they rule not because they are masters of their fate or captains of their souls, but only by the permission of God (Rom. 13:1, 4).  According to Paul all authorities are “appointed by God” (Rom. 13:2) and are “God’s servants” (Rom. 13:4).

This is God’s eternal purpose—that He would receive the glory as the sovereign ruler of the universe.  The Most High wanted to ensure that the king knew who He was, the Jews knew who He was, and the Gentiles of all the nations knew who He was.  This was the difficult lesson that Pharoah, another oppressive king, had to learn (Exodus 4-14).  This may be the most difficult lesson that we have to learn as well.  But when we do learn it, it provides an abundance of peace and security, knowing that God is in ultimate control of all things and that He is working all things together for our good and for His glory (Rom. 8:28-29).

We must remember that history is God’s story.  He reigns when the politicians we vote for get into office, and He reigns when those we oppose get elected.  God is sovereign over the rulers of this world (Dan. 4:17).  We can trust Him to do what is right because His “works are truth, and His ways justice” (Dan. 4:37).

Clyde Kilby of Wheaton College said one time,

I shall bet my life on the assumption that this world is not idiotic, neither run by an absentee landlord, but that today, this very day, some stroke is being added to the cosmic canvas that in due course I shall understand with joy as a stroke made by the architect who calls himself Alpha and Omega.

Even when life seems to be falling apart, when everything seems to be going against you, God is still in control.

According to Isaiah the very fact that God is God means he had a determinate purpose in history from the very beginning and that this purpose cannot be frustrated:

I am God and there is no other; I am God and there is none like me, declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things not yet done, saying, ‘My counsel shall stand and I will accomplish all my purpose.’ (Isaiah 46:9-10)

Jeremiah, in his Lamentations over Jerusalem, reflects on God’s capacity to wield the nations and concludes that no human commands are ever executed unless the Lord ordains it:

‘Who has commanded and it came to pass, unless the Lord has ordained it? Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that good and evil come?” (Lamentations 3:27-38 cf. Isaiah 45:1-7)

Seventy-two times in the Bible, God uses the words “then they will know that I am the LORD
 or words similar to that.  Of that number, 58 are found in the writings of Daniel’s contemporary, the exilic prophet Ezekiel.  A key theme in Ezekiel was that God was bringing judgment upon His people so that the Jews would know that He is the Lord.

But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness. They did not walk in my statutes but rejected my rules, by which, if a person does them, he shall live; and my Sabbaths they greatly profaned.

Then I said I would pour out my wrath upon them in the wilderness, to make a full end of them. But I acted for the sake of my name, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, in whose sight I had brought them out. . . .

because they rejected my rules and did not walk in my statutes, and profaned my Sabbaths; for their heart went after their idols. . . . But I withheld my hand and acted for the sake of my name, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, in whose sight I had brought them out. (Ezekiel 20:13-14, 16, 22)

Ezekiel also records that God will ultimately deliver and bless Israel, again “for the sake of his name.”

Therefore, say to the house of Israel, thus says the Lord: “It is not for your sake, O house of Israel, that I am about to act, but for the sake of my holy name which you have profaned among the nations to which you came.  And I will vindicate the holiness of my great name. . .  It is not for your sake, that I will act says the Lord God; let that be known to you. Be ashamed and confounded for your ways, O house of Israel” (Ezekiel 36: 22, 23, 32).

But God would later restore the Jews to their homeland so that the world would know that He is the Lord.  Time after time in Ezekiel, the reason God gives for His present and future judgments and His present and future restorations was so that all people could see Him for Who He is.  He’s not just another God.  He’s the King of kings and Lord of lords.

Being troubled by this dream, Nebuchadnezzar reiterated his confidence in Daniel’s ability to interpret it in v. 18, saying “And you, O Belteshazzar, tell me the interpretation, because all the wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known to me the interpretation, but you are able, for the spirit of the holy gods is in you.”

John Phillips says, “The king was on tenterhooks.  The longer Daniel paused, the greater grew the tension and the deeper was the unease of the king.  Doubtless, by now he was inwardly terrified.  Daniel was not a man to sidestep unpleasant truth.  At the same time, he was a man of like passions as we are; he was not immune to fear.  He was fully aware that monarchs are apt to wreak fearful vengeance on those who assailed their ears with unwelcome news.  And Daniel well knew the temper of this particular king.  He sought diplomatically to prepare the king for the worst” (Expoloring Daniel, p. 76).

One of the things I like to watch on YouTube are funny fails, videos of people trying to do something, sometimes routine, sometimes daring, but in every case they fail.  Sometimes I laugh, sometimes I cringe.

One of the recurring themes of the book of Daniel is the failure of the king’s wise men and enchanters to be able to successfully guide the king because they cannot interpret the dreams or signs (Daniel 2:10-11, 4:7, 5:8-9).  However, in each case Daniel can.  Why?  Because he has a personal relationship with the God who not only sovereignly sends these dreams and signs, but that God then enables Daniel to correctly interpret them.

Today we’re going to be looking at vv. 4-7 of Daniel chapter 4.

4 I, Nebuchadnezzar, was at ease in my house and prospering in my palace. 5 I saw a dream that made me afraid.  As I lay in bed the fancies and the visions of my head alarmed me. 6 So I made a decree that all the wise men of Babylon should be brought before me, that they might make known to me the interpretation of the dream. 7 Then the magicians, the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the astrologers came in, and I told them the dream, but they could not make known to me its interpretation. 

First, we see that Nebuchadnezzar’s dream greatly troubled him.  He was “afraid” and “alarmed” by the dream.

Gleason Archer Jr. believes that this dream occurred in 583 B.C., allowing for a seven-year period in which there were no major military operations (582-575 B.C.) (Expositor’s Bible Commentary, p. 60).

Before Nebuchadnezzar relates the judgments brought upon him because of his pride, he gives an account of the fair warning he had of them before they came.

While Nebuchadnezzar was at rest in his private life and prosperous in his royal life, he discovered that security in his kingdom did not bring peace, and personal prosperity did not enable him to sleep.  Whereas Nebuchadnezzar was “troubled” by his first dream (Dan. 2:3), this one “alarmed” or “terrified” him (Dan. 4:5).

When the king describes himself as “thriving” in his palace, the adjective used, raʽnan, corresponds to a Hebrew word used to denote the luxuriant foliage of a tree (e.g. Deut. 12:2, ‘under every green tree’; Jer. 11:16, ‘a green olive tree, fair with goodly fruit’).  It is used metaphorically when the image of a flourishing tree is used to denote human prosperity (e.g. Ps. 37:35; 92:13–15 [evv 92:12–14]).  Here its use no doubt looks forward to the content of Nebuchadnezzar’s dream (Ernest Lucas, Daniel, ed. David W. Baker and Gordon J. Wenham, vol. 20, Apollos Old Testament Commentary (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Apollos; InterVarsity Press, 2002), 108)

It may also be significant that about half its occurrences in the HB are in the phrase ‘under every green tree’, referring to the sites where the Israelites indulged in pagan idolatrous practices, of the sort with which the young men in the preceding story refused to have anything to do (Ernest Lucas, Daniel, ed. David W. Baker and Gordon J. Wenham, vol. 20, Apollos Old Testament Commentary (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Apollos; InterVarsity Press, 2002), 108–109).

Truly the king had every reason to feel safe and secure and satisfied.  There was no one to challenge him; he had anything he wanted.  Ease and prosperity characterized Nebuchadnezzar’s life at the zenith of his empire.  He was at peace because everyone was afraid to oppose him.  He had thousands of Jews in his kingdom who were virtually slaves, doing all the work the Babylonian people did not want to do.

He was content.  He had plenty of money in Babylonian Trust and Savings, even after building a golden statue.   He had just completed a new palace and built a new capital in southern Babylon, a place called Tema, later renamed Babylon.  Life just does not get any better than this.  It is possible that during this time he had built the famed Hanging Gardens.

His wife had sired him a son who would be the heir to his throne.  As he was getting older, nearing retirement, he was considering giving his son co-regency.  

The man was content and prosperous and proud. In his pride he concluded that he did not need God.   His contentedness and prosperity were obstacles to the work of God in his life that had to be addressed if his heart was to be changed.

Iain Duguid has this insight: “Discontent and disaster, or at the least profound personal discomfort, are very often the necessary precursors of spiritual growth and change.  As long as we are comfortable and at ease in this world, we are not normally ready to examine our hearts and institute deep change.  On the other hand, when God disturbs the calm waters of our lives we begin to be ready to seek different paths to pursue….These shattering experiences should prompt within us the expectation and hope that God is going to do something important in our lives.  It is precisely through the storms of life that God will show us who we really are and, even more importantly, who He really is” (Daniel in Reformed Expository Commentary, p. 64).

There is no rest for the wicked, however (Isaiah 57:21) and God was about to disturb that rest.  God soon shook him from his false security.  God began to stir up his heart.  The transformation would require stripping away of everything in which Nebuchadnezzar had formerly gloried.

At this point we see Nebuchadnezzar’s admission, “I saw a dream that made me afraid” (v. 5), and this reminds us of another time when he had been troubled about a dream (2:1).

Once again, for a second time, he saw a vision from God while sleeping.  What he saw—“fancies” and “visions”—alarmed him because without understanding their meaning he could not discern how they applied to him or his kingdom.

This dream was quite different from the dream in chapter 2, where Nebuchadnezzar was pictured as the head of gold, a very prominent and enviable position.

More dreams and visions.  God doesn’t seem to communicate this way so much in our Western world, “but in the Middle East and other parts of the world, such things are not uncommon.  Many Muslims who live in countries where the gospel is prohibited, like Iran, have come to faith in Jesus Christ through dreams and visions.  A common story told among new believers is of a man coming to the foot of the bed and telling them about the hope that can be found in Yasu, the name for Jesus used by many Arabic Christians.  When people do not have the Word of God available to them, the Lord still finds ways to make Himself known to those who desire to discover the truth of the Creator God” (Amir Tsarfati, Discovering Daniel, pp. 78-79).

So Nebuchadnezzar had this dream.  He was “afraid” and “alarmed.”  So he did what kings normally do, and that is that he called his advisors, his wise men and enchanters, to his throne.

Just like before, Nebuchadnezzar called “all the wise men of Babylon” in an effort to understand what this disturbing dream meant.

6 So I made a decree that all the wise men of Babylon should be brought before me, that they might make known to me the interpretation of the dream. 7 Then the magicians, the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the astrologers came in, and I told them the dream, but they could not make known to me its interpretation. 

Why did Nebuchadnezzar need their help in interpreting this dream?  Maybe Nebuchadnezzar had a sneaking suspicion that he knew that this dream was not so complimentary as his former dream and that it portended a much more negative event in Nebuchadnezzar’s life.  Maybe he hoped that in interpreting the dream they would tell him that this had nothing to do with him or that it wasn’t nearly as bad as he might have feared.

As in chapter 2, this dream troubled Nebuchadnezzar, but in this case, unlike in chapter 2, he “told them the dream” but even with that advantage they still could not interpret it for him.  They couldn’t even make something up!  Even though the dream was adverse and might present a problem in telling Nebuchadnezzar, they probably would have made some attempt to explain it to him, if they had understood it.

The same group of advisors were there who had been surpassed by Daniel and his friends in chapter 1, then who were unable to recount and interpret Nebuchadnezzar’s dream in chapter 2.  These men were only still alive because Daniel had been able to recount and interpret Nebuchadnezzar’s dream in chapter 2.  Yet here they are again, this hapless and helpless bunch of frauds.

So Nebuchadnezzar calls in Daniel, the one who “had understanding in all visions and dreams” (Dan. 1:17), whom Nebuchadnezzar consistently found “ten times better than all the magicians and enchanters that were in all his kingdom” (Dan. 1:20).  Nebuchadnezzar knew from experience that Daniel’s God was “a revealer of mysteries, for you have been able to reveal this mystery” (Dan. 2:47).

Matthew Henry reminds us, “Many make God’s word their last refuge, and never have recourse to it till they are driven off from all other succors” (Commentary on the Whole Bible, p. 1089).

Why is it that we typically save going to God for the answers until we have exhausted all other recourses?  We plan and scheme and do and talk, but we fail to go to the source of wisdom and knowledge, to God Himself.  Daniel was God’s man and could tell the king what God was trying to communicate to him in this dream.

So in verse 8 Nebuchadnezzar calls in Daniel. “At last Daniel came in before me—he who was named Belteshazzar after the name of my god, and in whom is the spirit of the holy gods…”

Daniel is the only wise man who wasn’t afraid of the king.  He didn’t live in fear of the king because he feared God.

Nebuchadnezzar reminds himself that Daniel’s “real” name was Belteshazzar “after the name of my God” Bel, possibly to prop up his flagging belief in the power of his own gods, and then notes that in Daniel “is the spirit of the holy gods” (a true plural here), to be able to interpret his dream.  At this point Nebuchadnezzar was still married to his gods.

He will also, in verse 9, say that “no mystery is too difficult for you.”  Whereas his other psychic advisors had failed him again and again, Daniel had come through every time he was needed.  So the king appeals to him once again, acknowledging that he needed Daniel’s help.

In the OT the presence of God’s Spirit often implies the activity of God in his dynamic power, giving life and freedom to his people and to the world; the effect of this on human beings is to make them behave in remarkable ways and perform extraordinary deeds.  A person who receives out-of-the-ordinary insights or revelations does so by the work of the divine spirit (Gen 41:38; Num 24:2; 2 Sam 23:2; 2 Chr 15:1; 20:14; 24:20) (John Goldingay, Daniel, vol. 30, Word Biblical Commentary, p. 87).

The same is true for Christ followers under the New Covenant.  We have been given the gifts of the Holy Spirit, sometimes miraculous in nature, but always enabling us to be able to perform ministry beyond our natural abilities, wisdom or strength.  We are dependent upon the Holy Spirit not only for fruitbearing ministry but also for flourishing in our Christian growth.

The transformation in Nebuchadnezzar’s thinking that takes place in the course of this chapter is underlined by the names that Nebuchadnezzar uses for Daniel.  In the narrative frame, written after his experience of humbling, Nebuchadnezzar calls Daniel by his Judean name (meaning, “God is my judge”), whereas in the reported conversations that took place earlier, he called him “Belteshazzar” (meaning, “Bel, guard his life”).  In the same way, prior to his humbling, Nebuchadnezzar described Daniel in pagan terms as one “in whom is the spirit of the gods” (Dan. 4:8).

What is meant by this statement?  John Walvoord notes:

It is debatable whether gods is singular or plural, as it could be translated either way.  Young, with a wealth of evidence from Montgomery, considers it a singular noun and thus a recognition by the king “that the God of Dan. was different from his own gods.”  This distinction is borne out by the adjective “holy” (4:8, 18; 5:11). The philological evidence supports the singular, although Leupold agrees with Driver that the noun and its adjective are plural and a reflection of the king’s polytheism.  

The word holy, according to Young, refers to gods who are divine, rather than specifically having moral purity.  The ultimate judgment of the expression depends on how well Nebuchadnezzar comprehended the nature of Daniel’s God.  He obviously had high respect for the God of Daniel and may have had a true faith in the God of Israel.  Nebuchadnezzar, having justified his singling out Daniel of all the wise men, now records in his decree his conversation with Daniel which includes a restatement of his dream.

I do believe that by the end of this experience Nebuchadnezzar has finally come to believe in the one true God, God Most High, the God of Daniel.  However, it may be that at the beginning of this experience, before his humbling, he still thought of Daniel’s God as one among many gods to be worshiped.

Ligon Duncan points out: “Isn’t it interesting, in verses 8 and 9, how they record for us both Nebuchadnezzar’s trust in Daniel and Nebuchadnezzar’s fear of Daniel.  Notice in verse 8, Nebuchadnezzar is careful to call Daniel Belteshazzar who was named after his own gods.  It’s almost like he reminds himself that Daniel is Belteshazzar, who is named after his own gods, to protect him from any undue influence that this Hebrew prophet might have over him.  You can almost see the king’s insecurity with the power of this man, with this man’s connection with heaven, with his evident godliness and character, and so he makes sure to call Daniel, not by his Hebrew name, but by his Babylonian name and remind himself that that name itself is the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s own god.  He’s a little bit frightened of the kind of influence that Daniel may have over him.  And at the same time, we see in verses 8 and 9 that Nebuchadnezzar knows that Daniel will tell him the truth.  What a testimony to Daniel’s faithfulness.  Of all the people in Nebuchadnezzar’s court, Daniel and those three witnesses were the most faithful friends that Nebuchadnezzar really had because they would tell him the truth no matter what.  Even Nebuchadnezzar knew that.  He knew that whatever the case was, Daniel was going to tell him the truth, he would tell him what that dream really meant.

There is a lot of pressure on Christians these days to express their love for others by agreeing with their sinful choices.  But in reality the most loving thing we can do is to tell people the truth, to warn them that their choices will not give them true joy and satisfaction and fulfillment, that true freedom is found not in pursuing our own will and desires, but in pursuing the will and desires of God.  We are to always “speak the truth in love” (Eph. 4:15) even when it may seem to rub people the wrong way.

In our current culture, friends who tell us what we want to hear are the ones we naturally value.  People more likely prefer friends who flatter them. They want friends who will respond to a problem about a difficult decision in their life with, “You should do what makes you happy.” Friendship in our culture often involves mutual encouragement to sin.

Bur a true friend will point out spiritual things to us we can’t see, such as sin and idolatry.  They will point out to us when we’ve wandered off the narrow path.  They will show us areas in our life where we lack joy in God — relishing in the wonder of who he is and what he has done.  A Christian friend won’t tell us what we want to hear, but what we need to hear.  “Better is open rebuke than hidden love. Faithful are the wounds of a friend; profuse are the kisses of an enemy” (Proverbs 27:5-6).

As C.H. Spurgeon said about such friendships,

True friends put enough trust in you to tell you openly of your faults. Give me for a friend the man who will speak honestly of me before my face; who will not tell first one neighbor, and then another, but who will come straight to my house, and say, “Sir, I feel there is such-and-such a thing in you, which, as my brother, I must tell you of.” That man is a true friend; he has proved himself to be so; for we never get any praise for telling people of their faults; we rather hazard their dislike; a man will sometimes thank you for it, but he does not often like you any the better.

Daniel was this type of friend to Nebuchadnezzar, and that is why Nebuchadnezzar turned to him time after time for help when he needed it.  Let’s try to be a friend like Daniel, one who will tell the truth even when it is difficult because we truly love that person.

So, last week we talked about how, when we think so highly of ourselves, that God sometimes has to take us down a notch or two, to humble us, to get us to see reality, to help us understand who is really on the throne.

Some of you are old enough to remember Mike Tyson.  He was a great heavyweight boxer in the 80’s and early 90’s.  He had a string of heavyweight challenges between 1985-1990 which he knocked out in 1 minute or less—ten of them.  But at the peak of his career, in 1990, Iron Mike squared off against a no-name fighter by the name of Buster Douglas.  This wasn’t even supposed to be a challenge.  Tyson had knocked out his previous opponent in 93 seconds, so the bets were not on whether he would win, but how long it would take. 

But Mike was had such a big head from his previous successes that he didn’t even prepare for this fight.  He stayed out late partying the night before.

You can guess what happened:  Buster Douglas won by knockout in the 10th round.  That no-name boxer beat the champion.  Tyson’s career went rapidly downhill from there.  Mike Tyson’s life illustrates a tragic truth: defeat is difficult, but success can be fatal.  It can cause us to take things for granted and believe we are invincible and the creator of all this success.

God did the same thing for Nebuchadnezzar.  In the midst of all his success and glory, God took him down a notch of two and literally made him eat grass.  But through it all, Nebuchandezzar learned his lesson and came out a winner again.

The world is filled with people who think they don’t need God, or believe that they are God—that is, capable of living their own lives to their own satisfaction.  But God still knows how to humble the proud.

British playwright George Bernard Shaw put it this way:

There are two tragedies in life. One is to lose your heart’s desire, and the other is to gain it. We don’t look at it that way. In our eyes gaining your heart’s desire is the very purpose of life itself. But how many people have achieved their dreams only to be ruined in the process? Success can be just as big a temptation as failure, perhaps more so since success tends to make us take life for granted. While it is true that God speaks to us both ways, we tend to listen more when God speaks through sorrow, pain, loss, and personal failure. Success tends to make us complacent but failure cannot be denied.

In this chapter of Daniel Nebuchadnezzar is enjoying the zenith of success.  Everything is going his way.  He has conquered many nations, he has built a beautiful city, the envy of the world, he was living in peace and abundance and luxury.  But God was going to teach him a lesson about how little he was and how big God is.

We enjoy hearing the testimonies of those who have come to put their trust in Jesus Christ.  Sometimes those stories are very dramatic, in which people have been saved out of a traumatic or wicked past and God’s grace is made much of.  Others grew up in Christian homes and their story, while maybe not as dramatic, is still real and relevant as they speak of how God used various influences in their lives to acquaint them with the gospel.

In Daniel chapter 4 we have the testimony of Nebuchadnezzar.

Chapter 4 begins like a letter, like the New Testament epistles: “King Nebuchadnezzar to all peoples, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth: Peace be multiplied to you!” (Dan. 4:1)

Doesn’t that sound similar to the way Paul introduces his epistles?  “Grace and peace…”

The opening formula, ‘(From) X [the writer] to Y’[the recipients], is common in Aramaic letters of the Persian period (Fitzmyer 1974: 211), and is also found in Neo-Babylonian letters (Knutson 1983: 20) (Ernest Lucas, Daniel, ed. David W. Baker and Gordon J. Wenham, vol. 20, Apollos Old Testament Commentary (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Apollos; InterVarsity Press, 2002), p. 108).  A greeting very much like 4:1 is found in Daniel 6:25 where Darius wrote a similar decree with almost the same wording.  And, of course, we see this in the New Testament epistles as well.

So this is news that Nebuchadnezzar wants spread far and wide—“to all peoples, nations and languages, that dwell in all the earth.”  Like a newborn Christian, Nebuchadnezzar wants the whole world to know what God has done for him.

Wherever Babylon had influence, the tale would be told.  He wants everyone in his kingdom (and even beyond) to know what Most High God had done for him!  That’s pretty amazing.  He is being an evangelist here!  Even more amazing is that this story is not flattering to Nebuchadnezzar at all!

But, as we saw in chapter 2, Nebuchadnezzar was not afraid to humble himself when confronted with power greater than his own.  As Warren Wiersbe notes: “That Nebuchadnezzar should openly admit his pride, his temporary insanity, and his beastly behavior, and then give glory to the God of Israel for his recovery, is indeed a remarkable thing” (Warren Wiersbe, The Wiersbe Bible Commentary: Old Testament, p. 1356).

Now “peace be multiplied to you” would surely stick in the craw of most of those nations who had been subjugated to Babylon’s military might, especially the Jews.  Psalm 137 paints a vivid picture of how nations, ground beneath the Babylonian juggernaut, felt toward imperial Babylon.  Peace?  You’ve got to be kidding!

This was either cruel hyperbole, or evidence of a glorious change of heart!

This benediction upon them shows awareness of his responsibility as God’s instrument on their behalf to further their prosperity and security, as any God-fearing king would do.

Nebuchadnezzar ruled Babylon and its empire, yet his message’s recipients extended far beyond his empire.  The purpose of his account was “to show the signs and wonders that the Most High God has done for me” (v. 2).

It has seemed good to me to show the signs and wonders that the Most High God has done for me. (Dan. 4:2)

These verses (vv. 2-3) introduce the central concern of this story: the kingship of Nebuchadnezzar and the kingship of the Most High God.  What God had done to him and for him served to convince him that God alone is the source of power and authority and that any power and authority he possessed he now acknowledges as being by God’s permission (Romans 13:1, 4).  As the book of Daniel constantly emphasizes, and something we do well to remember even today, is that any position of power and authority is a gift from God; it is given to them by God (cf. Rom. 13:1-4).

The words “seemed good to” declares to others his experience because it is good to declare this truth.  It was good news!  David Guzik says, “It is good to declare what God has done for us.  Satan has a huge interest in keeping us unnaturally silent about the signs and wonders that the Most High God has worked for us.”  But we should be excited and bold to share it with whomever might listen!

Remember the song Blessed Assurance?  “This is my story, this is my song…”  We should be constantly voicing our praise of this great God who has saved us from our sins and eternal punishment.

So these words became the introduction to a Babylonian state document and “God did something with this proclamation of Nebuchadnezzar that the emperor could not have imagined: He picked it up and incorporated it into His own deathless Word, which can never pass away” (John Phillips, Exploring Daniel, p. 70).

Matthew Henry says, “Nebuchadnezzar was now old, had reigned above forty years, and had seen much of the world and revolutions, yet never till now was he brought to admire God’s signs and his wonders” (Commentary on the Whole Bible p. 1089).

These wonders include a vision and an interpretation of the vision (vv. 4-27), a judgment involving beastly behavior (vv. 28-33), a restoration of his reason (vv. 34-35), then after that an increase of his greatness (vv. 36-37).  Due to the emphasis on God’s granting the kingdoms of men to whomever he will (vv. 17, 25-26, 32), the king’s humiliation and restoration are especially in view.  As Nebuchadnezzar made clear, he attributes these wonders to “Most High God” (v. 2; cf. 3:26).  His gratitude overwhelms his soul and he can’t help praising the Most High God.

David Jeremiah, in his book Handwriting on the Wall, calls this chapter “The Gospel according to Nebuchadnezzar.”

As others read this letter, many might have wondered at this point, “Who is this Most High God?”  Is he more powerful than Marduk or Nabu?  Is he more deserving of worship than that giant golden idol erected by the king on the plains of Dura?  Is he worthy of the worship I’ve given to my gods throughout the years?  Who is this Most High God?

Then there was the group of Jewish exiles.  They knew who this “Most High God” was, but why was Nebuchadnezzar now praising him?

With two pairs of parallel statements, Nebuchadnezzar extolled God’s deeds and rule (4:3).

How great are his signs, how mighty his wonders!  His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and his dominion endures from generation to generation. (Dan. 4:3).

Nebuchadnzzar is extolling God’s greatness and goodness to him, the true King, the ultimate King who reigns forever.  His kingdom will never end and never be taken away from Him.

The content of the first line in each pair is repeated in the second line.  His deeds are “great” and “mighty” and are called “signs” and “wonders.”  God’s rule is synonymous with “kingdom” and “dominion,” and its duration is “everlasting” and “from generation to generation.” The hymn-like nature of verse 3 resembles the acclaim of Yahweh voiced by his prophets, but the words did not imply true worship from Babylon’s king.  To him, “God Most High” was real, but he was not God alone.  At least not yet, but he does seem to get there by the end of this chapter.  Of course, these opening sentences are giving us “The Rest of the Story.”

Now, notice that this letter is addressed to “peoples, nations and men of every language,” the same group summoned in the previous chapter to bow down to King Nebuchadnezzar’s image (4:1; 3:7).  It was like Nebuchadnezzar was now, to his credit, trying to reverse a past mistake.  Whereas he had formerly called all these people to worship the idol, he tells that same group of people now to worship, not the idol, but the true God, God Most High, the God of the Jews.

Also, the “miraculous signs and wonders” would certainly fit the deliverance of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego from the fiery furnace.  The key difference, however, is that now Nebuchadnezzar speaks of “signs and wonders that the Most High God has performed for me” (4:2).  From being a persecutor of the faithful in the previous chapter, Nebuchadnezzar has now himself become a loud witness to the power of the true God.

Iain Duguid points out: “This is a striking shift in the life of the most powerful man in the world.  It is as dramatic as the transformation in the New Testament of Saul, the persecuting Pharisee, to Paul, the apostle to the Gentiles.  How did such an incredible change take place?  In both cases, the change was not wrought by witnessing the power of God as an observer.  King Nebuchadnezzar watched Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego emerge unscathed from the fiery furnace (Dan. 3) even as Saul saw the Lord’s grace sustain Stephen through his violent death (Acts 8:1), yet neither man was immediately converted by the experience.  Miraculous demonstrations of God’s power can certainly stop people in their tracks and make them think, but true conversion can only be accomplished by a personal experience of God’s power and grace” (Daniel in Reformed Expository Commentary, pp. 63-64).

Writing in the aftermath of the First Great Awakening in New England, Jonathan Edwards wrote one book defending the signs and wonders attending the revival and then a second book A Treatise on Religious Affections he meticulously explores the nature of true religious conversion, distinguishing it from mere emotional experiences or outward displays of piety.  He emphasizes that while intense feelings and observable actions can sometimes accompany genuine conversion, they are not, in themselves, sufficient proof of a transformed heart.  In other words, miracles, or extraordinary events and experiences, do not necessarily equate to genuine conversion. 

For conversion to happen, there must be a divine work of a change of heart, or a new birth or resurrection which enables one to believe.

In each of our lives we must be exposed to the mighty power and amazing grace of God and be humbled before him in order for that miraculous conversion to happen to us.  The Holy Spirit must open our spiritual eyes and ears to behold the beauty, sufficiency and supremacy of Jesus Christ as our Savior.

Although Nebuchadnezzar would not have welcomed the notion at this point that his earthly reign would end, he opened his account declaring that God’s kingdom is the one that truly is an everlasting kingdom.   Since unending dominion belonged to God, it did not belong to the king of Babylon.  This admission is both true and shocking because of Nebuchadnezzar’s attitude and actions that we’ve observed in chapters 1–3.  

Throughout the first three chapters of Daniel, we have seen God working in the king’s life to teach him humility.  In chapter 2, God sends a vision to Nebuchadnezzar of the statue.  The purpose of that vision was to remind him that even the most powerful human civilizations would all eventually fall, and only God’s kingdom would endure forever.  But instead of responding with humility and submitting himself to this God, Nebuchadnezzar built an idol (reminiscent of the golden head, but this time made completely of gold) and demanded everyone in his empire to worship it.  Needless to say, the vision went to his head!

God therefore used the occasion of the dedication of the image to remind Nebuchadnezzar of who was really on the throne.  The Lord crashed the party.  His three chosen instruments would not bow down to his idol.  So, the king grew furious and had them thrown into the fiery furnace.   He definitely thought that his power was absolute and that he had the final word.  But God protected their lives and once again demonstrated that He, not Nebuchadnezzar, was the King of Kings.

While Nebuchadnezzar did make a perfunctory statement about God’s greatness at the end of chapter 3, it was possibly just a temporary blip and soon he regressed to his old arrogant ways.  Unfortunately, we see that happen all too often, even in our own lives, how we get excited about God and make grand promises to him and then a few weeks later we slide back into old bad habits.  But God wasn’t finished with Nebuchadnezzar, as the events of this chapter show.

Some, however, do believe that Nebuchadnezzar’s spiritual turning point came in chapter 3.  Bill Wenstrom that Nebuchadnezzar’s praise of God in Daniel 3:28 came from the mouth of a true believer.  He goes on to say: “The king’s praise is an expression of his faith in the God of Israel.  The Aramaic verb b^erǎḵ which we translated “worthy to be praised” appears only once in the book of Daniel.  However, its Hebrew equivalent bā∙rǎḵ (בָּרַךְ) (baw-rak´) appears 75 times in the Old Testament.  When the word is used of praising God, the individual praising God is always a believer and never an unbeliever.  Thus, Daniel 3:28 is recording for us the conversion of Nebuchadnezzar.

Therefore, if Nebuchadnezzar was not yet a believer at the end of chapter 3, chapter 4 is God’s further work in humbling him so that he does finally come to commit himself to the worship of the true God in chapter 4.  On the other hand, if Nebuchadnezzar’s spiritual birth happened in chapter 3, then chapter 4 points out to us believers the reality that sometimes God may have to deal with us ever so severely to rid of our sins, particularly the insidious sin of pride.

Normally a doxology like this comes at the end of the events to which it refers.  Some have compared these three verses to a movie or television episode which shows the ending first, then backs up to a previous time and describes what brings about such a surprising ending.

God had to do something pretty drastic to get Nebuchadnezzar’s attention.  This time, God deals with him personally.  He doesn’t just show him a vision (chapter 2), or do something miraculous for someone else (chapter 3), but he directly shows Nebuchadnezzar who’s really the boss.

What happened to Nebuchadnezzar happens to all of us sooner or later.  And we can thank God when it does.

One of the most powerful and chilling portrayals of the insanity of rejecting God—which we do whenever in words or actions we proudly affirm our own greatness and achievements—is Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 4.

Daniel 4 is that strange chapter in the book of Daniel which shows that the greatest man on earth, the moment he proclaims his own greatness, is humbled by the truly greatest God of heaven.  He spends seven years on all fours, rooting around the ground like an animal.

In his book Mere Christianity, C. S. Lewis called it “the great sin.”  Do you know what that sin was?  He goes on to say…

“There is one vice of which no man in the world is free; which everyone in the world loathes when they see it in others; and of which hardly any people, except some Christians, ever imagine that they are guilty themselves. There is no fault which we are more unconscious of in ourselves; and the more we have it in ourselves, the more we dislike it in others” (C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980), p. 109).

This vice is the sin of pride. Lewis called it “the great sin” because of the enmity it created not only between man and man, but between man and God.  You see, sin is imagining that we deserve to be in the place of God.  Again, C. S. Lewis said, “It was through Pride that the devil became the devil: Pride leads to every other vice: it is the completely anti-God state of mind” (Mere Christianity).  This is why God hates pride (Prov. 6:16-17; 8:13).  “God abhors those people worst who adore themselves most” (William Secker, The Consistent Christian).

Robert Rayburn notes: “Pride is the idolatry of the self.  It is the nature of pride as competition with God – the displacing of God by the self at the center – that has led many Christian thinkers through the ages to regard pride (superbia) as the mother sin and the essential element in all sin” (“Pride and Humility,” Tabletalk, May 2008, p. 64).

Pride is essentially stealing glory from God, believing that we deserve the credit and glory for what we have made of ourselves.  Nebuchadnezzar will commit this vertical larceny, standing on his balcony basking in the glory of his achievements, proclaiming “Is not this great Babylon, which I have built by my mighty power as a royal residence and for the glory of my majesty?” (Dan. 4:30).

America’s greatest theologian, Jonathan Edwards, said this about pride:

Pride is a person having too high an opinion of himself. Pride is the first sin that ever entered into the universe, and the last sin that is rooted out. Pride is the worst sin. It is the most secret of all sins. There is no other matter in which the heart is more deceitful and unsearchable. Alas, how much pride the best have in their hearts! Pride is God’s most stubborn enemy! There is no sin so much like the devil as pride. It is a secret and subtle sin, and appears in a great many shapes which are undetected and unsuspected.

Jesus told the story of two men who lived in Jerusalem.  This is found in Luke 16:19-31.

One was a humble, poor beggar who loved the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.  The other was a proud, wealthy man who looked down upon the poor beggar and never took the time to look up to the living and true God.

They died about the same time.  Since Lazarus, the poor beggar, was trusting in Jesus Christ alone for his salvation, he immediately went to Heaven.  The wealthy man died and found himself in the torment of Hell (Hades/Sheol).  Now he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus at his side.  He begged and pleaded that Abraham would send Lazarus to him for just a moment so he could dip his finger in water and cool his tongue because he was in such agony.

Abraham answered, “No.” He said, “There is a great chasm fixed so that no one in Heaven can cross over into Hell and no one in Hell can ever cross over into Heaven.”  In other words, there is no crossing over from one realm to another, so therefore no assistance can come to you.

Do you remember what the wealthy man said next?

Then the proud, wealthy man begged and pleaded with Abraham to send Lazarus back from the dead to his five brothers to tell them about this place of torment so they would not end up there.  The wealthy man now understood how his pride and prosperity had kept his heart away from the Lord, and he was desperate to get his message out so his family would not end up in the same torment.

He said, “I beg you, father, send Lazarus to my father’s house, for I have five brothers. Let him warn them, so that they will not also come to this place of torment” (Luke 16:27, 28).  Can you feel the urgency and the passion of this proud, wealthy man to get this message out?  Ah, but it was too late; there was now nothing he could do.

Nebuchadnezzar, here in Daniel 4, had this same sense of urgency and passion to get that same message out to those whose hearts were so filled with pride and whose lives were so filled with prosperity that they had no room for the true and living God.  The lesson he learned is recorded in the last sentence of his testimony: “Those who walk in pride [God] is able to humble” (Daniel 4:37).  The lesson Nebuchadnezzar learned came from the worst experience of his life, but today from Heaven he would tell you it was the best thing that ever happened to him.

It is best that we learn this lesson as well.  For both the Old and New Testaments warn us: “God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” (Prov. 3:34; James 4:6)

And 1 Peter 5:6 tells us, “Humble yourselves, therefore, under God’s mighty hand, that he may lift you up in due time.”

James Montgomery Boice’s commentary entitles this chapter, “The Sin that God Will Not Tolerate.”  All sin will be judged. Many sins are judged in this life; all sins will be judged in the life to come. Thus in using this title I am speaking in a different sense, and what I want to point out is that although God does temporarily tolerate some sins in this world, yet there is one sin that God does not seem to countenance.

Napoleon is portrayed by the artists he commissioned to memorialize him as a strutting little man, standing defiantly with his right hand pushed between his vest buttons or as a hero astride a fiery steed, pointing the way for his troops to cross the Alps.  His bicorn hat made instantly recognizable and imitated at costume parties through the years.  He was proud, a man driven by ambition to conquer Europe.

On the morning of the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was describing to his commanding officers his strategy for that day’s campaign.  He said, “We’ll put the infantry here, the cavalry over there, and the artillery in that spot.  At the end of the day, England will be at the feet of France and Wellington will be the prisoner of Napoleon.”

One commanding officer responded, “But we must not forget that man proposes and God disposes.”

With typical arrogance, the little dictator pulled his body to its full five-feet-two and replied, “I want you to understand, sir, that Napoleon proposes and Napoleon disposes.”

Victor Hugo, the novelist, wrote, “From that moment, Waterloo was lost, for God sent rain and hail so that the troops of Napoleon could not maneuver as he had planned, and on that night it was Napoleon who was prisoner of Wellington, and France was at the feet of England.”

Again pride is #1 on God’s hate list.  “There are six things the LORD hates, seven that are detestable to him: haughty eyes” (Prov. 6:16, 17a).  While the remainder of the “seven deadly sins”—lust, sloth, greed, and so on, have been recategorized as harmless peccadilloes, pride is still generally reckoned deservedly to go before the fall.

Proverbs hits the issue of pride hard:

“The LORD detests all the proud of heart. Be sure of this: They will not go unpunished.” (Prov. 16:5).

“To fear the LORD is to hate evil; I hate pride and arrogance, evil behavior and perverse speech.” (Prov. 8:13)

So God obviously hates pride.  It takes God off the throne and puts ourselves on the throne, making us sovereign over our lives.  We determine what is best for us and how we live.  The biggest problem with pride is that it is so easily seen in others, but we find it hard to admit in ourselves.

And here is what pride leads to…

“Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.” (Prov. 16:18)

“When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom.” (Prov. 11:2)

In God’s grace and mercy to us, he sometimes uses life’s difficult experiences to remove the blinders from our eyes and show us what our hearts really harbor.  He exposes and confounds our pride in order to transform us from the inside out.

Spurgeon said: “No matter how dear you are to God, if pride is harbored in your spirit, He will whip it out of you.”  In fact, it is a sign of God’s love that He will whip pride out of us.  And that is what God is going to do for Nebuchadnezzar.

God has been dealing with Nebuchadnezzar now for decades.  There were times when Nebuchadnezzar seemed close to bowing his knee to God Most High (Dan. 2:47; 3:28-29), but he had never crossed that line of committing himself totally to being a worshipper of Yahweh alone.  It seems that the events of this chapter were necessary as the tipping point in Nebuchadnezzar’s faith journey.

Overview

This chapter is unique in Scripture.  It is the one time that a Gentile monarch narrates a story.  It is Nebuchadnezzar’s personal testimony of how God took him from where he was to where He wanted him to be, and Nebuchadnezzar tells in his own language exactly how God dealt with him.  We have Paul’s testimonies in the book of Acts, but this is the only personal testimony in the Old Testament.  And again, what makes it so unique is that it is the testimony of a Gentile.

The key to understanding these early chapters, and perhaps the entire Book of Daniel, comes in the second verse of the book, “And the Lord delivered Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, along with some of the articles from the temple of God. These he carried off to the temple of his god in Babylonia and put in the treasure house of his god” (Dan. 1:2).

By this symbolic act Nebuchadnezzar was asserting that his gods were stronger than Jehovah.  And so it seemed.  We know that God permits others to triumph over his people for his own reasons, generally to bring judgment for sin.  The temporary victory of evil persons does not mean that God is not more powerful than evil or that he will not ultimately be victorious.  Yet this is what Nebuchadnezzar thought.  These opening chapters of Daniel show Jehovah teaching this proud monarch that neither his gods nor Nebuchadnezzar himself was stronger than the Most High.  God is God!  “My glory I will not give to another,” says God.  He does not allow Nebuchadnezzar to give God’s glory to another in this story.

So after two to three decades since the first one, Nebuchadnezzar has a dream that no one but Daniel can interpret: a tree grows to a great height and provides food and shade for animals, yet a command is given for it to be chopped down to a stump (4:5-7, 8=16).  The lesson of the dream once again concerns God’s rule over earthly kings and kingdoms (v. 17): Nebuchadnezzar is the tree (vv. 20-22), and God will humble him if he does not repent and practice righteousness (vv. 25-27).  God fulfills the dream by giving him the mind and behavior of a beast (vv. 29-33).  Once God restores Nebuchadnezzar’s faculties, the king praises God and declares his unconquerable sovereign power (vv. 34-37).

Nebuchadnezzar wanted the whole world to know what God had done for him.  It is apparent from our study of the first three chapters of Daniel that God has been dealing with Nebuchadnezzar’s heart.  This is the third time that the Babylonian king has been confronted by his Maker.

Outline

1. Judgment on Royal Arrogance (4:1-37)
2. Nebuchadnezzar Confesses God’s Everlasting Dominion (4:1-3)
3. Nebuchadnezzar Is Afraid Because of a Dream’s Content (4:4-5)
4. The Wise Men of Babylon Fail to Interpret the Dream (4:6-7)
5. Nebuchadnezzar Tells Daniel the Dream (4:8-18)

3′. Daniel Successfully Interprets the Dream (4:19-27)

2′. Nebuchadnezzar Is Humiliated Because of the Dream’s Fulfillment (4:28-33)

1′. Nebuchadnezzar Confesses God’s Everlasting Dominion (4:34-37)

This narrative begins with the lesson Nebuchadnezzar learned as a result of the events recounted in this chapter and ends with the same exclamation: God’s dominion is forever (1 and 1′). Also common to 1 and 1′ is language addressing everyone who dwells on earth (vv. 1, 35).

The next sections of the chiasm relate Nebuchadnezzar’s dream that troubles him (2) and this dream becoming a reality that humbles him (2′).  In the former, he prospered in his palace but became fearful (2), and in the latter he became prideful in his palace and experienced the dream’s fulfillment (2′).

3 and 3′ provide a contrast between the Babylonian wise men and Daniel.  Even though Nebuchadnezzar told his wise men the dream, they did not even attempt to interpret it. Daniel, however, interpreted the dream after the king described its content.

Nebuchadnezzar’s description of the dream is the central section (4) of this chapter.  This description is itself an inclusio, marked by the language in verses 8-9 and 18 that includes the name “Belteshazzar,” a reference to “the spirit of the holy gods,” and a recognition of the wise men’s inability contrasted with Daniel’s ability. Within the inclusio (vv. 8-9, 18) are two distinct subsections: verses 10-12 and verses 13-17.  The first subsection describes the activity of the tree (vv. 10-12), while the second subsection relates the command of the watcher against that tree (vv. 13-17).  Each subsection begins similarly: “The visions of my head as I lay in bed were these: I saw, and behold . . .” (v. 10) and “I saw in the visions of my head as I lay in bed, and behold . . .” (v. 13).

Chapter 4 stands out from chapters 1-3 as first-person narration from Nebuchadnezzar’s point of view (cf. 4:1, 4, 18 24, 27).  Only in this chapter of the book does someone other than Daniel convey a first-person account (cf. 8:1; 9:2; 10:2; 12:5).  There is a brief transition to a third-person vantage point in 4:28-33, but the verses surrounding it (vv. 1-27, 34-37) are the king’s account.  Chapter 4 is the last chapter in the book featuring Nebuchadnezzar as a character.

Perhaps we commit vertical larceny (stealing God’s glory) much more than we realize. Perhaps we quest for personal glory more than we think. Perhaps, in some way, we stand on our balcony and take credit for what only God can produce.

Perhaps we’re not too far from Nebuchadnezzar’s sin.

This Old Testament story is a warning to us today, and in the story, God uses Daniel to warn Nebuchadnezzar (see 4:24-27). Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream and pleads with him to “break off your sins by practicing righteousness.”

When you read this story, you must meditate on how incredible God’s mercy is. In the face of the arrogance and murderous self-glory of Nebuchadnezzar, God has every holy reason to rise in righteous intolerance and wipe this man from the face of the earth. Everything this worldly ruler stood for was an abomination to the Lord Almighty. It should stun you that God stooped first to warn him.

Again, we find ourselves in the shoes of Nebuchadnezzar. If you’re God’s child, you are blessed with the convicting, warning, merciful ministry of the Holy Spirit.

The question is: are you listening?

When the Holy Spirit blesses you with convicting grace, it will be tempting to harden your heart and argue for your righteousness. It will be tempting to claim your biblical literacy and theological knowledge as evidence of your spiritual maturity.

When the Holy Spirit visits you with a merciful warning, it will be tempting to compare yourself to others and argue that you are surely more righteous than they are. It will be tempting to ignore these warnings if God chooses to use people who you think are unqualified or less mature than you.